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41.
中学生好胜心培养的实验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以积极的归因训练、表扬与奖励和适当的竞赛等手段对中学生的好胜心进行培养,通过一个学期三个阶段的培养,结果发现,实验班学生的好胜心水平增量显著高于对照班学生,实验班学生的学习成绩增量也显著高于对照班学生,好胜心水平与学习成绩存在着显著的正相关。研究表明,积极的归因训练、表扬与奖励、适当的竞赛是培养中学生好胜心的有效措施。 相似文献
42.
教师工作满意度的测量研究 总被引:99,自引:1,他引:99
本研究运用一个"教师工作满意度量表",对北京、天津、大连及青岛等四省市的204名小学教师进行了测量,结果表明:(1)教师们在工作性质、职业投入感及人际关系这些内在因素上的满意度较高,而在薪水、领导管理、进修提升及物理条件这些外在因素上的满意度较低;(2)女教师的工作满意水平显著高于男教师;(3)从事"教师"这一职业的动机对教师的工作满意度有显著的影响。 相似文献
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本文观察了在成年后进行群体隔离的大白鼠与群居鼠在摄食、饮水、睡眠等方面的行为差异。着重观察了社会应激对成年后进行群体隔离的动物的行为的影响,以研究群体隔离时动物的年龄与过去生活经验是不是动物在社会应激时发生的行为改变的关键因素。 结果表明:群居与隔离两种环境对动物摄食、饮水和体重无明显影响,但隔离动物睡眠时间较群居动物短。即使在成年后进行群体隔离、社会应激对隔离动物的摄食、饮水、睡眠和攻击性行为的影响也比群居组明显。但进行群体隔离时动物的年龄和隔离前有较长时间的群居生活经验可大大减轻社会应激时行为反应的强度,也可使适应过程发生得快些。这说明早期环境和过去生活经验的重要性。社会应激影响饮水和摄食的方式随年龄而改变,年龄较大的群居鼠对社会应激的适应可能比年龄较轻的群居鼠差。 相似文献
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奎因彻底翻译的不确定性论题 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
奎因在《语词和对象》这部著作中第一次提出了翻译的不确定性论题,这一论题的提出,引起了广泛的论证与反驳。通过分析奎因本人对此论题的分析与论证,可以看出:翻译的不确定性论题是奎因哲学思想整体中不可分割的一个部分;是对“经验论的两个教条”在语言中的继续批判;是他的整体论思想的逻辑发展;以及本体论相对性思想的理论前提。通过分析戴维森、大卫·刘易斯、普特南论对翻译的不确定性论题的分析与论证,可以使我们对彻底翻译的不确定性论题有一个更好的把握。 相似文献
47.
Shuangyue Zhang Andy J. Merolla Shaojing Sun Shu‐Fang Lin 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2012,15(3):156-166
Two studies examined topic avoidance in Chinese and Taiwanese opposite‐sex friendships and romantic relationships. Five areas of topic avoidance emerged through analytic induction and cluster analysis: negative appraisal, relational issues, sexual issues, politics, and personal experience. Partner protection, negative relational impact, and self inefficacy emerged as the most common reasons for avoidance. Results revealed that friends, relative to romantic partners, engaged in higher levels of topic avoidance. Taiwanese participants, moreover, avoided discussing politics to a greater extent than did mainland Chinese participants. Lacking closeness was the main reason behind avoidance of political discussion. Topic avoidance was also linked to relationship quality, as relational satisfaction negatively predicted relational issue avoidance and topic avoidance breadth (i.e. the number of topics regularly avoided in the relationship). The authors explain these and other findings based on Chinese cultural codes and historically‐embedded concepts that shape interpersonal interaction. 相似文献
48.
Behavioral self-handicapping is a strategy used to protect attributions about ability. People behaviorally self-handicap by creating an obstacle to their success so failure is attributed to the obstacle instead of to their ability. Although past research has observed behavioral self-handicapping exclusively in men, the current research revealed a moderator of behavioral self-handicapping in women: growth motivation, which reflects the desire to develop one's abilities and learn from failure. Participants (N = 100) completed a test purportedly predictive of successful careers and relationships, and some were given failure feedback about their performance. Participants could behaviorally self-handicap by choosing to complete another test in a performance-impairing environment. Although men self-handicapped more overall, women self-handicapped more after failure when they were low in growth motivation. These results highlight a novel moderator of behavioral self-handicapping in women. 相似文献
49.
The event-related brain potential (ERP) technique was used to investigate the neural mechanism of non-target language processing in Chinese-English bilinguals. Participants were presented with a mixed list of Chinese and English words and required to make conceptual decisions for words in one language and ignore words in the other non-target language. Regardless of whether the nontarget word was in Chinese or English, the ERPs they elicited were modulated by word frequency, suggesting that their meaning had been accessed. The N400 peak was delayed in the English as the non-target language condition, probably because participants were less proficient in English. The results suggest that the non-target language can be processed during conceptual tasks with participants' proficiency in this language being a critical factor. 相似文献
50.
Social cooperation often relies on individuals?? spontaneous norm obedience when there is no punishment for violation or reward for compliance. However, people do not consistently follow pro-social norms. Previous studies have suggested that an individual??s tendency toward norm conformity is affected by empirical information (i.e., what others did or would do in a similar situation) as well as by normative information (i.e., what others think one ought to do). Yet little is known about whether people have an intrinsic desire to obtain norm-revealing information. In this paper, we use a dictator game to investigate whether dictators actively seek norm-revealing information and, if so, whether they prefer to get empirical or normative information. Our data show that although the majority of dictators choose to view free information before making decisions, they are equally likely to choose empirical or normative information. However, a large majority (more than 80%) of dictators are not willing to incur even a very small cost for getting information. Our findings help to understand why norm compliance is context-dependent, and highlight the importance of making norm-revealing information salient in order to promote conformity. 相似文献