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781.
Journal of Child and Family Studies - The purpose of this research was to identify mechanisms by which cultural cognitions were linked to parenting cognitions and practices in acculturating Chinese... 相似文献
782.
推进区域经济协调发展已成为国家战略的重要组成部分。本文在现有研究基础上,首次提出区域间经济溢出与技术溢出整合分析框架,以引资政策竞争为切入点,构建地方政府博弈模型,探讨区域竞争效应,并通过对模型推演得出一系列推论。研究发现,在追求自身利益最大化的条件下,地方政府会充分考虑其决策对其它地区的经济与技术溢出效应,透过对双重溢出效应相对大小的考量,并结合短期或长期利益追求以及自身所处客观环境条件而做出相应的战略选择,据此能够理解我国地方政府竞争与合作行为,特别是对现实中地方政府引资竞争中为何屡屡出现恶性竞争现象给予了符合逻辑的解读。技术溢出效应导致区域创新投入并不一定能够显著促进本区域经济的快速增长,特别是对短期经济目标的追求。所以,需要更高层面的政府打破行政区域限制,构建跨区域的创新平台,推动创新要素的流动和合理配置,扩大技术溢出效应,这也使得设计整体社会利益最大化追求机制成为可能。 相似文献
783.
Invariant spatial context can facilitate visual search. For instance, detection of a target is faster if it is presented within
a repeatedly encountered, as compared to a novel, layout of nontargets, demonstrating a role of contextual learning for attentional
guidance (‘contextual cueing’). Here, we investigated how context-based learning adapts to target location (and identity)
changes. Three experiments were performed in which, in an initial learning phase, observers learned to associate a given context
with a given target location. A subsequent test phase then introduced identity and/or location changes to the target. The
results showed that contextual cueing could not compensate for target changes that were not ‘predictable’ (i.e. learnable).
However, for predictable changes, contextual cueing remained effective even immediately after the change. These findings demonstrate
that contextual cueing is adaptive to predictable target location changes. Under these conditions, learned contextual associations
can be effectively ‘remapped’ to accommodate new task requirements. 相似文献
784.
Qiang Wang Jinhua Sun Xiaohong Ma Yingcheng Wang Jing Yao Wei Deng Xiehe Liu David A. Collier Tao Li 《Journal of Neuropsychology》2011,5(1):126-142
In order to develop normative data of a battery of neuropsychological tests in the mainland Chinese population, we examined the performance of 15 neuropsychological tests in 465 healthy subjects (231 males and 234 females) in a population‐based cohort study. The years of education were ranged between 1 and 23 years, and ages were ranged between 16 and 75 years old. The 15 neuropsychological tests cover five domains of neurocognitive functions including attention and speed of information processing, memory and learning, verbal function, visual constructive abilities, and executive function. We also assessed the effects of gender, age, educational attainment on the performance of these neuropsychological tests. The results showed that, as expected, educational attainment and age are the two main factors affecting performance in these tests. Educational attainment has the strongest predictive effect on all tests, while the majority of tests selected in this study are also affected by age at examination to varying degrees. The presented normative data will be useful for future studies in related clinical research, and be of value in transcultural neuropsychological studies. 相似文献
785.
In real-world situations, people are often faced with the complex task of deciding which of many potential variables are affecting
their own or others’ behavior, as well as noting which specific aspects of behavior are being affected. Although it is common
for professionals who encounter such conditions to claim that they acquire accurate and specific knowledge from their experience,
it is unclear that such confidence is justified. Using a managerial task, we examined participants’ ability to learn how various
interventions affect various aspects of their employees’ performance. The results of three experiments reveal that although
participants appear to avoid prescribing an intervention that has a positive effect on a primary performance measure and a
negative side effect on a secondary measure, when asked directly about the impact of the intervention, they respond by reducing their judgments
of its positive impact. This was true regardless of whether participants indicated clear knowledge of its negative side effect
(Experiment 3) or did not (Experiments 1 and 2). Thus, participants appear to be automatically integrating across the effects on different outcome measures. 相似文献
786.
Zdravković S Economou E Gilchrist A 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2012,38(3):776-784
According to Koffka (1935), the lightness of a target surface is determined by the relationship between the target and the illumination frame of reference to which it belongs. However, each scene contains numerous illumination frames, and judging each one separately would lead to an enormous amount of computing. Grouping those frames that are in the same illumination would simplify the computation. We report a series of experiments demonstrating that nonadjacent regions of the visual field under the same illumination level are perceptually grouped together and function, to some extent, as a single framework. A small coplanar group of patches under its own illumination exhibits compression of perceived range of gray shades. We obtained the reduction in compression in the presence of an identically illuminated 25-patch Mondrian tableau mounted nearby the coplanar group. The influence of the Mondrian display was reduced when it was (a) moved laterally away from the test display, (b) moved farther back in depth from the test display, or (c) rotated to a different orientation. 相似文献
787.
Context affects multiple cognitive and perceptual processes. In the present study, we asked how the context of a set of faces would affect the perception of a target face??s race in two distinct tasks. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants categorized target faces according to perceived racial category (Black or White). In Experiment 1, the target face was presented alone or with Black or White flanker faces. The orientation of flanker faces was also manipulated to investigate how face inversion effect would interact with the influences of flanker faces on the target face. The results showed that participants were more likely to categorize the target face as White when it was surrounded by inverted White faces (an assimilation effect). Experiment 2 further examined how different aspects of the visual context would affect the perception of the target face by manipulating flanker faces?? shape and pigmentation, as well as their orientation. The results showed that flanker faces?? shape and pigmentation affected the perception of the target face differently. While shape elicited a contrast effect, pigmentation appeared to be assimilative. These novel findings suggest that the perceived race of a face is modulated by the appearance of other faces and their distinct shape and pigmentation properties. However, the contrast and assimilation effects elicited by flanker faces?? shape and pigmentation may be specific to race categorization, since the same stimuli used in a delayed matching task (Experiment 3) revealed that flanker pigmentation induced a contrast effect on the perception of target pigmentation. 相似文献
788.
We report a novel fat face illusion that when two identical images of the same face are aligned vertically, the face at the bottom appears 'fatter'. This illusion emerged when the faces were shown upright, but not inverted, with the size of the illusion being 4%. When the faces were presented upside down, the illusion did not emerge. Also, when upright clocks were shown in the same vertically aligned fashion, we did not observe the illusion, indicating that the fat illusion does not generalize to every category of canonically upright objects with similar geometric shape as a face. 相似文献
789.
790.
Using the 3M Model of Motivation and Personality as a theoretical framework, this study develops a three‐level hierarchy of personality traits predictive of fans' parasocial relationship with sports celebrities. Specifically, the findings show that parasocial relationship with sports celebrities is determined positively by materialism (the elemental trait), negatively by self‐esteem (the compound trait) and positively by interest in sports spectatorship (the situational trait). Practical and academic implications are provided. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献