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221.
David Walshe Elizabeth Lewis Kathleen O'Sullivan Sun I Kim 《Cyberpsychology & behavior》2005,8(6):532-537
There is a small but growing body of research supporting the effectiveness of computer-generated environments in exposure therapy for driving phobia. However, research also suggests that difficulties can readily arise whereby patients do not immerse in simulated driving scenes. The simulated driving environments are not "real enough" to undertake exposure therapy. This sets a limitation to the use of virtual reality (VR) exposure therapy as a treatment modality for driving phobia. The aim of this study was to investigate if a clinically acceptable immersion/presence rate of >80% could be achieved for driving phobia subjects in computer generated environments by modifying external factors in the driving environment. Eleven patients referred from the Accident and Emergency Department of a general hospital or from their General Practitioner following a motor vehicle accident, who met DSM-IV criteria for Specific Phobia-driving were exposed to a computer-generated driving environment using computer driving games (London Racer/Midtown Madness). In an attempt to make the driving environments "real enough," external factors were modified by (a) projection of images onto a large screen, (b) viewing the scene through a windscreen, (c) using car seats for both driver and passenger, and (d) increasing vibration sense through use of more powerful subwoofers. Patients undertook a trial session involving driving through computer environments with graded risk of an accident. "Immersion/presence" was operationally defined as a subjective rating by the subject that the environment "feels real," together with an increase in subjective units of distress (SUD) ratings of >3 and/or an increase of heart rate of >15 beats per minute (BPM). Ten of 11 (91%) of the driving phobic subjects met the criteria for immersion/presence in the driving environment enabling progression to VR exposure therapy. These provisional findings suggest that the paradigm adopted in this study might be an effective and relatively inexpensive means of developing driving environments "real enough," to make VR exposure therapy a viable treatment modality for driving phobia following a motor vehicle accident (MVA). 相似文献
222.
Li Li Stephanie Sun Zunyou Wu Sheng Wu Chunqing Lin Zhihua Yan 《Journal of family psychology》2007,21(2):307-314
This study examines the role that family plays in disclosure of HIV-AIDS in China. In-depth semistructured interviews were conducted with 30 individuals living with HIV-AIDS infected through different routes. The vast majority of participants were between the ages of 20 and 39 years old (93.4%) and about a third (36.7%) were women. Two primary disclosure processes, involuntary and voluntary, are described. In both processes, family members other than the patient are usually the first to know HIV status. Positive impacts of disclosure include strengthening family relations and help with medical care and counseling, whereas negative impacts include fear, isolation, avoidance, and psychological burden. This study illustrates that family is an intricate part of the disclosure process in China and demonstrates the importance of including families in HIV-AIDS interventions. 相似文献
223.
情绪性工作的研究现状 总被引:19,自引:0,他引:19
情绪性工作是为表达组织所期待的情绪所做出的心理调节加工,是制约工作绩效高低和组织目标达成的重要因素。该文在介绍情绪性工作的涵义、特征的基础上,从规则的效度、表达的类型、调节的策略、理论的模型以及工作的后效等方面,介绍了当前情绪性工作的研究现状。 相似文献
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225.
在《管子》系统丰富的"以法治国"思想理论体系中,立法思想占有重要的地位。它较为全面地阐述了诸如君主独享立法权,立法应遵从天道、顺应民心,因时因俗而变,宽严适度,公开透明等一系列关于立法的基本原则问题。尽管有其历史局限性,但《管子》立法思想所呈现出的超越时代的理性光芒,至今依然熠熠生辉,极具借鉴意义。 相似文献
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《老子》既蕴含着丰富的管理思想,又渗透着战略性思维,其战略思想与《孙子兵法》的战略思想有着辩证统一性,对现代企业战略管理具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
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229.
西藏宗教中的"替罪羊"观念及侣贡杰布仪式 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文主要对于流行于西藏民间,而各宗教又都予以吸收的一种类似西方"替罪羊"概念的宗教观念进行系统的讨论,并对与这个观念密切相关的侣贡杰布仪式进行重新考察,认为其虽然生成的时间略晚,但很快就成为藏区的一种具有狂欢节倾向的仪式,显现民间信仰对于系统化宗教拥有较大程度的作用力。 相似文献
230.
三、美国反社会主义活动中的宗教因素从1917年俄国十月社会主义革命到1991年苏联解体,国际关系和国际政治有近80年是以两种不同社会制度和思想理论的斗争为主体的,而在那 相似文献