The influence of flankers on race categorization of faces

Context affects multiple cognitive and perceptual processes. In the present study, we asked how the context of a set of faces would affect the perception of a target face??s race in two distinct tasks. In Experiments 1 and 2, participants categorized target faces according to perceived racial category (Black or White). In Experiment 1, the target face was presented alone or with Black or White flanker faces. The orientation of flanker faces was also manipulated to investigate how face inversion effect would interact with the influences of flanker faces on the target face. The results showed that participants were more likely to categorize the target face as White when it was surrounded by inverted White faces (an assimilation effect). Experiment 2 further examined how different aspects of the visual context would affect the perception of the target face by manipulating flanker faces?? shape and pigmentation, as well as their orientation. The results showed that flanker faces?? shape and pigmentation affected the perception of the target face differently. While shape elicited a contrast effect, pigmentation appeared to be assimilative. These novel findings suggest that the perceived race of a face is modulated by the appearance of other faces and their distinct shape and pigmentation properties. However, the contrast and assimilation effects elicited by flanker faces?? shape and pigmentation may be specific to race categorization, since the same stimuli used in a delayed matching task (Experiment 3) revealed that flanker pigmentation induced a contrast effect on the perception of target pigmentation.     

论道教宇宙论中的两条发展线索--以杜光庭《道德真经广圣义》为例

本文以唐末五代“道门领袖”杜光庭的《道德真经广圣义》为例,来说明在道教宇宙论中始终存在着两条不同的线索:一是从神学上提出带有神喻启示特点的宇宙神创说,以彰显“道”的主宰性、神圣性与超越性;二是从哲学上建构了以“道气”为本的宇宙生成论,力图对宇宙世界以及人的生存作出一个根本性的解释,从而为人的修道实践提供依据。只有厘清这两条线索相互交涉的复杂关系,才能更好地把握道教宇宙论思想的基本特点。     

个体心理模式对慢性疾病预后的探讨

21世纪,慢性疾病逐渐成为威胁人类健康的重要原因。然而其预后一直不理想,对慢性疾病患者的心理模式进行了分析,结合工作实际,提出慢性疾病患者如何看待疾病和自身———有意识的或无意识的———在很大程度上决定了疾病的预后。     

医疗／医院伦理委员会

日前,我们收到联合国教育、科学及文化组织科学与技术伦理司编写的《指南1:生命伦理委员会》、《指南2:生命伦理委员会的运作:程序与政策》的中、英文文本,其内容涉及生命伦理委员会面临的挑战与任务,国家、地区、地方、行业、医院、科研机构的伦理委员会,生命伦理委员会的运作程序与决策等。为促进我国生命(医学)伦理委员会的发展与提高,我们特选择其中一些内容的中英文文本,于本刊陆续发表。     

科研伦理委员会(REC)

1背景 (1)生物学、生物医学和行为学研究中动物的使用 用动物做研究在道德方面一直并将继续存在争议.生命伦理学的辩论主要是基于动物承受的痛苦和折磨以及夭折,尤其是灵长类动物.     

科研伦理委员会(REC)(续)

2目的 (1)帮助(a)各研究伦理委员会的主席和成员,(b)生命科学的研究员以及生物医学、行为学和流行病学的研究员,(c)媒体专业人士以及(d)基层公众了解并认可构成管理动物或人体试验研究指引及条例的政策和生命伦理学概念,如果这些指引和条例存在的话.     

论杜光庭对道教斋醮科仪的发展与贡献

唐末五代时期著名的“道门领袖”杜光庭一生撰写并整理了十多种、近二百卷有关道教斋醮科仪著作,被后人誉为道教斋醮科仪的集大成者。本文认为,杜光庭在整理各种斋醮科仪的基础上,对“自然朝”的提倡、对道场戒律的重视、对谢恩醮的设立、对“斋”的意义的阐发、对斋官职司的具体规定、对表奏上章的文饰等,为推动道教斋醮科仪的发展做出了重要的贡献。     

《科学与宗教：是可调和的吗？》导言（一）

选自《Science and Religion:Are They Compatible?》,保罗·库尔兹(PaulKurtz)主编,2003年由普罗米修斯出版社(Prometheus Books)出版,导言第一部分。为使读者更易理解文章内容编译者自加了小标题。“上帝创造了独立的灵魂”这一神学教条,成了宗教反对堕胎、出生控制和人工受精等医学科学的基本理由科学与宗教是协调的吗?或者说,他们有必要冲突吗?他们的关系长期被争论着;而且,从科学与宗教两大阵营利益的历史来看,它们之间的冲突程度也一直发生着不同程度的变化。1.科学带来社会巨变,却被指称占了宗教的领地虽然,古代希腊与罗马培育了…     

大学生迷信心理的形成及其影响因素

在全面总结近三十年来国内外相关研究成果的基础上,对大学生迷信心理的形成及其影响因素做了深入探讨。文章首先梳理了迷信的概念;其次从观察学习、归因和自我认同三个方面反思了大学生迷信心理形成的心理机制;并从性别、人格控制点、自尊和自我效能、认知风格和受暗示性、不确定性情境、压力情境等方面分析了大学生迷信心理的影响因素;最后指出了以往研究中存在的局限,并对未来的相关研究做出了展望     

Disputes over Philosophical Views in the First Half of the Twentieth Century and Development of Contemporary Chinese Philosophy

To explore the development of contemporary Chinese philosophy, fundamentally, is to explore the development of Marxist philosophy in contemporary China. The disputes over philosophical views in Chinese academic circles during the first half of the twentieth century have been focused on understanding Marxist philosophy from such aspects as “what kind of philosophy Chinese society needs,” “the relation of philosophy to science,” and “philosophy as an idea to reflect on one’s life.” These explorations have provided us a significant ideological insight into the development of Marxist philosophy and contemporary Chinese philosophy; that is, in contemporary China, Marxist philosophy, as a doctrine of the liberation and all-round development of human beings, exists not only as a kind of “doctrine” or “academy” but also as a kind of widely accepted “xueyuan (academic cultivations)” among people. Translated by Zhao Zhiyi from Jourmal of Jilin University (Social Sciences), 2005:1