自尊水平与自尊稳定性的关系:完美主义的中介作用

采用中介性调节分析方法,探讨了青少年外显自尊、内隐自尊、完美主义和自尊稳定性的关系.研究发现:外显自尊通过在乎缺点这一中介变量影响着自尊稳定性,外显自尊与自尊稳定性之间的关系不存在追求高标准的中介作用;内隐自尊调节着外显自尊和在乎缺点、自尊稳定性的关系,在低外显自尊者中,内隐自尊低者倾向于在乎自己的错误,表现出较高的自尊不稳定性;外显自尊通过在乎缺点影响自尊稳定性的间接效应在低内隐自尊者中更为明显.进一步的研究应考虑内隐自尊稳定性在自尊研究中的作用.     

活体肝移植供者心理社会方面问题的研究进展

活体肝移植供者心理社会方面问题的主要研究进展为：多数供者与受者之间有血缘关系,或者有亲密的情感联系;供者有利他主义动机;供者术后有短期健康相关生存质量下降,但术后1年之内可恢复正常。     

中文词汇切分对眼动数据的影响

该研究使用眼动研究中的“边界”技术范式,材料中的关键词为前两个字为双字词的三字词,如“服务员”,和非三字词,如“服务体”,考察可能存在的中文词汇切分策略对眼动时间指标的影响。实验使用2×2被试内设计,第一个因素是三字词的词频：高频和低频,第二个因素为不同词频条件下的非三字词基线。实验结果是三字词预视条件下的注视时间短于非三字词预视条件下的注视时间。结果表明自然阅读中的词汇切分策略确实存在,并且可以在眼动的时间指标上表现出来,结果还暗示在词汇切分过程中,读者在心理词典中对三字词的搜索是必需的过程。     

CXCR4／CXCL12在胃癌及结直肠癌中的研究进展

消化道肿瘤是一种常见的恶性肿瘤,远处转移是其预后不良的主要原因。近年来消化道肿瘤的发病率逐年上升,其相应的研究得到了广泛的重视。趋化因子对肿瘤的侵袭和转移作用也备受关注。 CXCR4及 CXCL12在肿瘤研究中已逐渐成为热点;最近研究表明,其与胃癌、结直肠癌等的转移密切相关,将为消化道肿瘤转移的防治提供新的思路。此文对CXCR4／CXCL12在胃癌及结直肠癌中的研究进展做一简要综述,CXCR4／CXCL12轴的深入研究将有望使其成为消化道肿瘤靶向治疗的特异靶点。     

抑郁和焦虑对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗患者的影响及对策

越来越多的冠心病患者接受经皮冠状动脉介入治疗,但是这些患者表现出的焦虑抑郁情绪对经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）围术期的影响却少有报道。研究发现,焦虑和抑郁对心脏事件发生后的恢复有不利的影响,而接受 PCI 治疗的患者情感障碍的发生率是比较高的。主要心血管事件与这些负面影响是相关联的,研究表明密切监测这些患者的情感状态可以明显改善临床预后。     

Moderation Analysis Using a Two-Level Regression Model

Moderation analysis is widely used in social and behavioral research. The most commonly used model for moderation analysis is moderated multiple regression (MMR) in which the explanatory variables of the regression model include product terms, and the model is typically estimated by least squares (LS). This paper argues for a two-level regression model in which the regression coefficients of a criterion variable on predictors are further regressed on moderator variables. An algorithm for estimating the parameters of the two-level model by normal-distribution-based maximum likelihood (NML) is developed. Formulas for the standard errors (SEs) of the parameter estimates are provided and studied. Results indicate that, when heteroscedasticity exists, NML with the two-level model gives more efficient and more accurate parameter estimates than the LS analysis of the MMR model. When error variances are homoscedastic, NML with the two-level model leads to essentially the same results as LS with the MMR model. Most importantly, the two-level regression model permits estimating the percentage of variance of each regression coefficient that is due to moderator variables. When applied to data from General Social Surveys 1991, NML with the two-level model identified a significant moderation effect of race on the regression of job prestige on years of education while LS with the MMR model did not. An R package is also developed and documented to facilitate the application of the two-level model.     

城市独生子女与非独生子女未成年人犯罪的主要特征比较

本文运用全国未成年犯抽样调查资料,对独生子女与非独生子女犯罪的主要特征进行了比较.研究发现城市独生子女与非独生子女未成年犯在犯罪时的年龄、刑期、重新犯罪比例、犯罪类型的多数方面、犯罪目的、犯罪时的心理状态等方面均不存在显著差异.独生子女的文化程度高于非独生子女,犯强奸罪的比例是独生子女高于非独生子女,犯盗窃罪的是非独生子女高于独生子女.笔者认为,从整体上看,将独生子女作为特殊的未成年人犯罪群体的论点值得商榷.     

中国文化心理学视界下的音乐实质探究

从中国语言的词源上看,音乐中的"乐(yuè)"通快乐的"乐(lè)",它们都源自于"鼓",而鼓声能够令人兴奋、情绪激昂,因此,中国文化中的音乐的原初含义有"令人振奋、快乐"的声音和人在振奋、快乐时表达这种心情的声音两层意思。后来这两层含义延伸为"动情"即激发人的情感或心理感染和"传情"或"达情"即表达人的情感。基于此,创作好的音乐作品或评判一个音乐作品的好坏,要看它是否具有"言志"、"激励人或令人振奋"、"表达情感"和"培养或锻造人的积极情感或心理品质"的作用。     

不作为惰性的影响机制:有中介的调节模型

本研究旨在考察前后机会比较对不作为惰性的影响,探索社会比较的调节作用以及预期作为后悔和价值评估的中介作用。本研究采用问卷法和实验法,以842名大学生为研究对象进行调查,采用Bootstrap方法对中介效应进行分析。结果显示:(1)社会比较在前后机会比较与不作为惰性之间的调节效应显著;(2)预期作为后悔和价值评估在前后机会比较与不作为惰性之间起中介作用。(3)社会比较的调节效应以预期作为后悔和价值评估为中介变量。     

Evaluation of tablet computers for visual function assessment

Recent advances in technology and the increased use of tablet computers for mobile health applications such as vision testing necessitate an understanding of the behavior of the displays of such devices, to facilitate the reproduction of existing or the development of new vision assessment tests. The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical characteristics of one model of tablet computer (iPad mini Retina display) with regard to display consistency across a set of devices (15) and their potential application as clinical vision assessment tools. Once the tablet computer was switched on, it required about 13 min to reach luminance stability, while chromaticity remained constant. The luminance output of the device remained stable until a battery level of 5%. Luminance varied from center to peripheral locations of the display and with viewing angle, whereas the chromaticity did not vary. A minimal (1%) variation in luminance was observed due to temperature, and once again chromaticity remained constant. Also, these devices showed good temporal stability of luminance and chromaticity. All 15 tablet computers showed gamma functions approximating the standard gamma (2.20) and showed similar color gamut sizes, except for the blue primary, which displayed minimal variations. The physical characteristics across the 15 devices were similar and are known, thereby facilitating the use of this model of tablet computer as visual stimulus displays.