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411.
Sue Westwood 《Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging》2017,29(1):47-69
This article explores how older lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people in the United Kingdom engage with religion in later life. Drawing on research with older persons who are LGB and with activists, it explores religious spaces as sites of both inclusion and exclusion, historically and in the present day. Particular consideration is given to the equality implications, in the form of parity of participation, including in the context of religious-based social care provision for older people. Future research implications are addressed. 相似文献
412.
This study examined the association between multiple minority statuses and reports of suicidal thoughts, depression, and self-esteem among adolescents. Data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health were used to examine mental health outcomes across racial/ethnic groups for same-sex-attracted youths and female youths. Hispanic/Latino, African American, and White female adolescents reported more suicidal thoughts, higher depression, and lower self-esteem compared with male adolescents in their racial/ethnic group. Same-sex-attracted youths did not consistently demonstrate compromised mental health across racial/ethnic groups. Follow-up analyses show that White same-sex-attracted female adolescents reported the most compromised mental health compared with other White adolescents. However, similar trends were not found for racial/ethnic minority female youths with same-sex attractions. 相似文献
413.
Sue?FinchEmail author Geoff?Cumming Jennifer?Williams Lee?Palmer Elvira?Griffith Chris?Alders James?Anderson Olivia?Goodman 《Behavior research methods》2004,36(2):312-324
Geoffrey Loftus, Editor ofMemory & Cognition from 1994 to 1997, strongly encouraged presentation of figures with error bars and avoidance of null hypothesis significance
testing (NHST). The authors examined 696Memory & Cognition articles published before, during, and after the Loftus editorship. Use of figures with bars increased to 47% under Loftus’s
editorship and then declined. Bars were rarely used for interpretation, and NHST remained almost universal. Analysis of 309
articles in other psychology journals confirmed that Loftus’s influence was most evident in the articles he accepted for publication,
but was otherwise limited. An e-mail survey of authors of papers accepted by Loftus revealed some support for his policy,
but allegiance to traditional practices as well. Reform of psychologists’ statistical practices would require more than editorial
encouragement. 相似文献
414.
In any society, parenting beliefs are a reflection of that society's cultural values and traditions (J. U. Ogbu, 1981). Verbosity, a parenting behavior considered dysfunctional in European American culture, may not be problematic in Chinese culture. The authors recruited 31 Chinese American and 30 European American mothers and used questionnaires to measure parenting behaviors and child behavior problems. The Chinese American mothers also completed a questionnaire assessing their acculturation level. The Chinese American mothers had higher levels of verbosity than did the European American mothers; however, there were no differences between the groups in child behavior problems. The results also revealed higher levels of laxness in the Chinese American mothers compared to the European American mothers. Acculturation level did not predict verbosity or laxness levels. Results suggest that the effectiveness of a parenting style should be defined relative to cultural context. 相似文献
415.
This study examined two different videotaped instructional models on subsequent motor and verbal behaviors of adults (N=9) learning how to lift properly. The correct model group viewed a narrated videotape of a skilled individual demonstrating lifting; the learning model group viewed a videotape of an unskilled individual being taught lifting by an instructor, and the controls received no intervention. Adults lifted from floor to waist a plastic crate during 15 acquisition and 3 retention trials and lowered the crate from waist to floor during 3 transfer trials. Learning and correct model motor performances were similar yet higher than those of controls during acquisition and transfer trials. Verbal reports indicated learning, and correct models generated more extensive and associated mechanical concepts than controls yet rarely monitored such concepts during performance. A single presentation of videotapes of proper lifting using either correct or learning models is effective in enhancing motor performance and proper lifting knowledge. 相似文献
416.
The state of psychological assessment in Asia 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The collection of articles in this special section provides a much-needed examination of the state of psychological assessment in various Asian countries or societies. In particular, the contributors review and critique assessment of personality, depression and anxiety, children and adolescents, and neuropsychological evaluation. The reviews cover the use of, and research on, imported measures (Western derived) as well as indigenous measures that were developed locally. The articles make a valuable contribution toward understanding not only the state of assessment in Asia but also larger issues such as the universal applicability of assessment instruments and the cross-cultural validity of models of human behavior. 相似文献
417.
Kapur N Turnbull P Hawton K Simkin S Mackway-Jones K Gunnell D 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2006,36(3):302-312
Suicide by self-poisoning is a prevalent cause of death worldwide. A substantial proportion of individuals who poison themselves come into contact with medical services before they die. Our focus in the current study was the medical management of drug self-poisoning in industrialized countries and its possible contribution to suicide prevention. We reviewed the literature to determine the proportion of self-poisoning suicides who reach hospital alive, the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of in-hospital overdose deaths, the in-hospital management this group of patients receives, and whether there are specific aspects of pre-hospital care and in-hospital management that have the potential to improve survival. Between 11% and 28% of individuals who died following deliberate ingestion of drugs reached hospital alive. The substances which were most frequently implicated in death were paracetamol (acetaminophen) and paracetamol compounds, tricyclic antidepressants, and benzodiazepines. Most patients received fairly intensive treatment, yet death may have been preventable in a small proportion of cases. Only one intervention (the administration of acetylcysteine) was shown to reduce mortality and this was in a highly selected group of patients (those who had ingested paracetamol and developed fulminant hepatic failure). It is possible that other interventions such as better airway management, the prompt administration of activated charcoal, and improved pre-hospital care may improve outcomes but their potential contribution to suicide prevention needs to be investigated in future studies. 相似文献
418.
Wider use in psychology of confidence intervals (CIs), especially as error bars in figures, is a desirable development. However, psychologists seldom use CIs and may not understand them well. The authors discuss the interpretation of figures with error bars and analyze the relationship between CIs and statistical significance testing. They propose 7 rules of eye to guide the inferential use of figures with error bars. These include general principles: Seek bars that relate directly to effects of interest, be sensitive to experimental design, and interpret the intervals. They also include guidelines for inferential interpretation of the overlap of CIs on independent group means. Wider use of interval estimation in psychology has the potential to improve research communication substantially. 相似文献
419.
The authors investigated gender influences on the nature and competency of preschool children's social problem-solving strategies. Preschool-age children (N = 179; 91 boys, 88 girls) responded to hypothetical social situations designed to assess their social problem-solving skills in the areas of provocation, peer group entry, and sharing or taking turns. Results indicated that, overall, girls' responses were more competent (i.e., reflective of successful functioning with peers) than those of boys, and girls' strategies were less likely to involve retaliation or verbal or physical aggression. The competency of the children's responses also varied with the gender of the target child. Findings are discussed in terms of the influence of gender-related social experiences on the types of strategies and behaviors that may be viewed as competent for boys and girls of preschool age. 相似文献
420.
Butler LD Seagraves DA Desjardins JC Azarow J Hastings A Garlan RW DiMiceli S Winzelberg A Spiegel D 《CNS spectrums》2002,7(8):597-603
This article reports on the planning, development, and implementation of a large national Internet-based panel study of how Americans are coping with the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. The study was designed to determine predictors and correlates of risk and resilience, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. In order to acquire timely and meaningful data, we developed/adapted an extensive set of measures, obtained human subjects approval, and posted a research Web site just 17 days after the attacks. This article describes the major hurdles we confronted and the guidelines we recommend regarding these topics, including the methodological trade-offs inherent in Internet-based research, information technology requirements and tribulations, human subjects issues, selection of measures and securing permission for their use, and the challenges of participant recruitment. We also discuss issues that we did not anticipate, including the survey intervention. We focus not on findings, but on the concrete procedural, administrative, technical, and scientific challenges we encountered and the solutions we devised under considerable time and resource pressures. 相似文献