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71.
We studied the effects of expectation and repetition on searching for singletons in very brief displays. In Experiment 1, we found that when a given feature defined the singleton for a whole block--so that in every trial the subject could expect a particular target feature--search accuracy was significantly higher than when the feature setting was randomly redetermined from trial to trial. However, an unexpected repetition triggered almost no advantage. In Experiment 2, we found no advantage for expected alternation. Experiments 3 and 4 demonstrated that there is little or no advantage for perception in conditions allowing only for target-feature facilitation or distractor-feature inhibition. We propose that in singleton search a division of feature space facilitates detection, and that this division works best under conditions of expected repetition. Experiment 5 replicated Experiment 1, but in Experiment 5 we examined response times and long display exposures. Results suggested that previous findings of singleton priming reflect mainly postperceptual factors. 相似文献
72.
73.
This paper presents a multinomial logit analysis of the methods used by Taiwanese individuals who completed suicide between 1991 and 1993. We investigated the influence of age, gender, urban or rural residence, seasons, and occupations on the six "choices" of suicide methods. The findings suggest that a systematic pattern exists between the choice of method and demographic characteristics of persons who have completed suicide. Most of the different patterns of suicide by sex, age, occupation, or residence can be understood by the different availability and accessibility to the means of suicide faced by the individuals. Our findings support Becker's (1962, 1974, 1993) contention that all kinds of human behavior or choices are shaped by the constraints imposed on the individuals. The findings also have important policy implications for suicide prevention in that they support Lester's advocacy to prevent or reduce suicide incidents by limiting availability, blocking accessibility, or "inconveniencing" the suicidal individuals. 相似文献
74.
Previous researchers have proposed that there are two types of symmetry detection: one based on crude preattentive symmetry
judgments and another based on detailed scrutiny of individual parts (Barlow & Reeves, 1979; S. E. Palmer & Hemenway, 1978;
Royer, 1981). Four experiments were conducted to examine capacity limits in different symmetry judgments. Observers were required
to discriminate between random patterns and approximate symmetry (Experiments 1 and 3) or between perfect and approximate
symmetry (Experiments 2 and 4). The patterns were divided into two sets of dots, presented either simultaneously or successively.
A comparison of accuracy under these two presentation conditions suggested that symmetry detection involves an analysis that
is spatially parallel but coarse, regardless of either task difficulty or task type (detecting symmetry vs. detecting asymmetry). 相似文献
75.
Effects of experience on fetal voice recognition 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kisilevsky BS Hains SM Lee K Xie X Huang H Ye HH Zhang K Wang Z 《Psychological science》2003,14(3):220-224
Abstract - The ability of human fetuses to recognize their own mother's voice was examined. Sixty term fetuses were assigned to one of two conditions during which they were exposed to a tape recording of their mother or a female stranger reading a passage. Voice stimuli were delivered through a loudspeaker held approximately 10 cm above the maternal abdomen and played at an average of 95 dB SPL. Each condition consisted of three 2-min periods: no stimulus, voice (mother or stranger), and no stimulus. Fetal heart rate increased in response to the mother's voice and decreased in response to the stranger's; both responses were sustained for 4 min. The finding of differential behavior in response to a familiar versus a novel voice provides evidence that experience influences fetal voice processing. It supports an epigenetic model of speech perception, presuming an interaction between genetic expression of neural development and species-specific experience. 相似文献
76.
To study maternal question-asking of Taiwanese children during free play and at meal time each mother-child dyad was videotaped at home. The mothers of children with Down syndrome asked more questions across different types of question during free play, at meal time, and for the sum of these two. Although no group difference was found for producing each type of question during free play, these 20 mothers asked more directive questions at meal time. Combined conditions analysis showed they used more directive questions and fewer requests for clarification than the 20 mothers of children with no disability. 相似文献
77.
78.
International Journal for Philosophy of Religion - 相似文献
79.
This study examined (1) the relative prevalence of childhood abuse and other pathological childhood experiences in China reported by outpatients with borderline personality disorder (BPD), with other personality disorders, and without personality disorders; and, (2) whether the primary predictors of BPD in North America are associated with the development of BPD in China. The childhood experiences of 203 outpatients with BPD, 109 outpatients with other personality disorders, and 70 outpatients without Axis II diagnoses were assessed with the Chinese version of the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire (CECA.Q). Patients with BPD reported significantly more physical, emotional, and sexual abuse than either comparison group. Four types of childhood experiences were significant predictors of BPD: maternal neglect, paternal antipathy, sexual abuse, and maternal physical abuse. The findings suggest that maternal physical abuse is as strong a predictor of BPD in China as sexual abuse, a finding not replicated in North America. 相似文献
80.
"贵元重始说"是董仲舒《春秋》公羊学的重要内容,其中主要的是关于"元"的观念。长期以来,人们对董仲舒的"元"观念多从哲学本原上训解,而没有把握其真实涵意,因而也就无法窥见"贵元重始"说的实质。本文认为,董仲舒的"贵元重始说"与其"奉天法古说"一样,均是对 相似文献