Video‐based Testing: A high‐fidelity job simulation that demonstrates reliability,validity, and utility

A conceptual rationale is presented for the use of a high‐fidelity simulation: a video‐based test (VBT), in which applicants view job‐related scenarios, respond orally, and are later scored on five dimensions by trained raters. Using applicant data, we empirically investigate the criterion‐related validity, reliability, and utility of the VBT. Overall, we found that the VBT predicted performance in training and on the job. In addition, different raters strongly agreed with one another on each applicant's scores. Despite somewhat higher development costs, the VBT demonstrated high utility. We suggest that organizations consider the use of VBTs as a selection instrument for jobs that require the use of applied social and interpersonal skills.     

Religiousness and Quality of Life Among Older Adults of Different Ethnic Groups in Malaysia: A Five-Year Follow-up Study

Journal of Religion and Health - Research has shown that religion is associated with a better quality of life (QoL). This study aims to examine ethnic differences in the association between...     

How Does Confucianism Influence Health Behaviors,Health Outcomes and Medical Decisions? A Scoping Review

Journal of Religion and Health - The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of Confucianism on health behaviors, health outcomes and medical decisions. The research was conducted using the...     

旁观者及其与个体的亲密程度对后悔情绪的影响

后悔情绪是反事实思维的产物,对个体决策行为的改善具有积极作用,能够激发个体反思既往选择,优化未来决策。该研究采用经典的连续冒险任务,从人际交互角度切入,考察了有无旁观者以及旁观者与个体的亲密程度对后悔情绪的影响。结果发现:(1)相对于无人在场,旁观者在场时个体更不后悔;(2)旁观者与个体间的亲密度能够在一定程度上影响个体的后悔情绪:在错过所有收益引发后悔的条件下,相对于无人在场,陌生人在场时个体更不后悔,而恋人在场时个体后悔情绪无明显变化。本研究的发现可以更好地帮助人们理解社会背景下后悔情绪的影响因素和发生机制。     

Cross‐sectional study on the relationship between music training and working memory in adults

Learning to play musical instruments has been shown to enhance a wide variety of cognitive domains. The present study investigated the specific aspects of working memory (WM) that differed between adult musicians and non‐musicians. Twenty‐four musicians and 30 non‐musicians matched for age, gender, years of formal education, and verbal intelligence performed several WM tasks. A multivariate analysis of covariance, wherein family income was controlled, revealed that musicians outperformed non‐musicians in tasks related to visual–motor coordination, visual scanning ability, visual processing speed, and spatial memory. However, no significant differences were found in phonological and visual memory capacity. This study supports the view that music training is associated to specific (and not general) WM skills.     

Robustness of Parameter Estimation to Assumptions of Normality in the Multidimensional Graded Response Model

A central assumption that is implicit in estimating item parameters in item response theory (IRT) models is the normality of the latent trait distribution, whereas a similar assumption made in categorical confirmatory factor analysis (CCFA) models is the multivariate normality of the latent response variables. Violation of the normality assumption can lead to biased parameter estimates. Although previous studies have focused primarily on unidimensional IRT models, this study extended the literature by considering a multidimensional IRT model for polytomous responses, namely the multidimensional graded response model. Moreover, this study is one of few studies that specifically compared the performance of full-information maximum likelihood (FIML) estimation versus robust weighted least squares (WLS) estimation when the normality assumption is violated. The research also manipulated the number of nonnormal latent trait dimensions. Results showed that FIML consistently outperformed WLS when there were one or multiple skewed latent trait distributions. More interestingly, the bias of the discrimination parameters was non-ignorable only when the corresponding factor was skewed. Having other skewed factors did not further exacerbate the bias, whereas biases of boundary parameters increased as more nonnormal factors were added. The item parameter standard errors recovered well with both estimation algorithms regardless of the number of nonnormal dimensions.     

对我国医疗鉴定的思考与探讨

我国医疗事故鉴定具有很强的行政色彩,违反了诉讼法的基本规则,兼之医疗事故鉴定委员会在人员组成上有明显不足,导致对患者程序与实体上的不公正,其危害甚大。立足完善,认为对待医疗事故鉴定应突出其证据材料的法律性质,明确其非经质证和认证不得适用,同时探讨了改革医疗事故鉴定委员会的组成与设置。审理医疗事故纠纷是鉴定不能一概而论。     

初中数学学习中教师归因与学生自我归因的比较研究

本文研究了初中数学学习中教师的信念与归因．学生自我的信念与归因以及师生归因的比较,得出如下几点结论：(1)在教师和学生的信念中男生在数学学习中更占优势。但在归因领域里却没有发现显著的性别差异。(2)对最好的学生,教师倾向于努力归因;对最差的学生,教师倾向于基础归囚。(3)最好的学生自我归因时倾向于基础和方法归因,最差的学生倾向于努力和方法归因。(4)师生归因维度上的一般趋势：造成数学学习成功的原因比较稳定、内源、可控;造成数学学习失败的原因也倾向于内源,但比较不稳定,不可控。(5)师生特定归因中的差异广泛存在,建议采取相应的教育对策。     

启动刺激含有多个靶子条件下的负启动效应

采用数字命名任务,在通常的负启动范式基础上增加启动刺激靶子数目．进行了两个实验。实验一发现,当启动刺激靶子个数为1个和2个时。出现负启动效应;当启动刺激靶子个数为3个和4个时。则不出现负启动效应。这提示靶子所获注意资源数量的作用。实验二发现．当启动刺激有2个和3个靶子时．如果未被选择来反应的靶子成为探测刺激的靶子,其反应时与控制组无显著差异。即不出现负启动。这表明在启动刺激中未被选择来反应的靶子与干扰项所受到的加工是有差别的。     

自我调节学习量表的修订:发展性研究

现有的自我调节学习研究的工具适用范围受到一定限制。依据心理测量学原理随机抽取了1115名青少年进行自我调节学习量表的施测和修订。结果表明:(1)修订后的量表由三个维度构成:动机,策略,意志;(2)各量表的信度和效度均达心理测量学标准,有较好的适用性;(3)修订后的自我调节学习量表适用的年龄范围较以往研究工具更为广泛。