标签位置和内容对女性网购影响的眼动研究

本研究参照广告效果评估的研究方法,考察标签位置（上,下）和标签内容（新款, 秒杀, 热销）对35名女性被试浏览网店服装图片过程中眼动特征以及主观购买意愿的影响。早期眼动指标（首次注视时间）和晚期眼动指标（注视时间比和注视次数比）均表明,标签位置受到标签内容的调节;晚期眼动指标（注视时间比和注视次数比）表明,标签内容也受到标签位置的调节。主观购买意愿表明,标签内容为新款和热销时,被试购买意愿显著高于秒杀情况。以上结果说明在浏览网店服装时,服装标签内容和标签位置共同调节女性被试对服装图片的加工过程,但调节方式在加工早期和加工晚期并不完全相同。     

儿童情绪表情识别的眼睛线索之发展研究

眼睛是人类识别和表达心理状态的重要脸部部位之一。本研究的目的在于考察较小的儿童能否把眼睛部位作为识别情绪表情的重要线索。共159名幼儿园和小学低年级的儿童,完成整个脸部．单独眼睛和单独嘴巴部位的情绪表情识别任务。结果发现较小的儿童通过眼睛线索识别情绪表情与通过脸部识别情绪表情的成绩同样好。最后从眼睛在心理状态识别中作用的角度进行了讨论。     

儿童欺骗的情境依赖

采用竞争游戏的方式研究3～6岁儿童在外显和隐蔽情境里的欺骗。结果表明4、5岁儿童行为上的隐蔽欺骗和错误信念理解显著相关;3岁儿童语言上的外显欺骗（说谎）和错误信念理解显著相关;各年龄段儿童行为上的外显欺骗和错误信念理解没有显著相关。和Cartson（1998）的研究结果不一致的是,本研究中4、5、6岁儿童的隐蔽欺骗人数显著超过外显欺骗人数。结果提示,语言上的外显欺骗（说谎）不仅和儿童的执行功能有关,还可能和欺骗时的情境压力有关。     

虚拟场景中的信息类型对路径整合效率的影响

空间巡航中常采用路径整合进行位置追踪及方向更新,本研究利用返回起点任务,通过对虚拟场景中不同信息类型的设置,探讨地标、纹理、双线索（地标+纹理）及纯色条件下路径整合效率的差异。结果发现,除角度误差外,双线索条件下路径整合效率显著较高,其次是地标条件,纹理条件次之,纯色条件下表现最差。结果表明,不同信息类型下路径整合效率存在显著差异,且双视觉信息较单一视觉信息条件下的整合效率更优。     

类比迁移研究及其应用

类比迁移是目前研究广泛的一种迁移。本文试图通过对类比迁移的研究,以期对我们学习新知识和技能,解决新问题以及为教育改革和教育产业化有所借鉴。     

College Student Samples Are Not Always Equivalent: The Magnitude of Personality Differences Across Colleges and Universities

This research examined the magnitude of personality differences across different colleges and universities to understand (a) how much students at different colleges vary from one another and (b) whether there are site‐level variables that can explain observed differences. Nearly 8,600 students at 30 colleges and universities completed a Big Five personality trait measure. Site‐level information was obtained from the Integrated Postsecondary Education System database (U.S. Department of Education). Multilevel models revealed that each of the Big Five traits showed significant between‐site variability, even after accounting for individual‐level demographic differences. Some site‐level variables (e.g., enrollment size, requiring letters of recommendation) explained between‐site differences in traits, but many tests were not statistically significant. Student samples at different universities differed in terms of average levels of Big Five personality domains. This raises the possibility that personality differences may explain differences in research results obtained when studying students at different colleges and universities. Furthermore, results suggest that research that compares findings for only a few sites (e.g., much cross‐cultural research) runs the risk of overgeneralizing differences between specific samples to broader group differences. These results underscore the value of multisite collaborative research efforts to enhance psychological research.     

Confucianism as canonic culture

The present article is inspired by Liu's ( 2017 ) idea on how Asian philosophy can, in general, and Confucianism, in particular, contribute to psychological science and practice. We first clarify potential misunderstandings of Liu's ( 2017 ) paper as a theoretical argument for indigenous psychology or as a debate on philosophy or the philosophy of science. To interpret and develop Liu's idea, we then conceptualize the concept of culture as canonic (abstract, philosophical and as it appears in classical books or articles) vs. popular (concrete, experiential and as it appears in people's daily lives). Further, since Liu's main point is about canonic rather than popular culture, we focus on canonic culture and propose three principles of it, namely the principle of diversity, the principle of hermeneutics and the principle of inspiration. These principles respectively reveal the characteristics, the interpretation process and the beneficial function of a canonic culture like Confucianism.     

Enacted Identities of Immigrant-Origin Emerging Adult Women in Online Contexts: Capturing Multiple and Intersecting Identities Using Qualitative Strategies

Using a multiple intersecting identities enactment framework, and a qualitative methodology, this article examined the multiple and intersecting identities immigrant-origin emerging adult women enacted online and explored the meanings they ascribed to these identities (N = 14, M age ≈ 20; 57% = second-generation immigrant). Thematic analyses of 84 narratives revealed that the immigrant-origin emerging adult women enacted a range of identities online including: personal/individual, relational/social, gender, ethnic, civic, student, occupational, and athletic. Personal/individual and relational/social identities were enacted most frequently, and intersected most often. First-generation and second-generation immigrant women were somewhat similar in the rate with which they enacted their identities online. Results showed that second-generation immigrant women enacted their personal/individual, ethnic, and civic identities as well as their intersecting identities online most often. Findings have implications for theory and research about online enactment of multiple and intersecting identities among immigrant-origin youth.     

Stimulus-response incompatibility eliminates inhibitory cueing effects with saccadic but not manual responses

There are thought to be two forms of inhibition of return (IOR) depending on whether the oculomotor system is activated or suppressed. When saccades are allowed, output-based IOR is generated, whereas input-based IOR arises when saccades are prohibited. In a series of 4 experiments, we mixed or blocked compatible and incompatible trials with saccadic or manual responses to investigate whether cueing effects would follow the same pattern as those observed with more traditional peripheral onsets and central arrows. In all experiments, an uninformative cue was displayed, followed by a cue-back stimulus that was either red or green, indicating whether a compatible or incompatible response was required. The results showed that IOR was indeed observed for compatible responses in all tasks, whereas IOR was eliminated for incompatible trials—but only with saccadic responses. These findings indicate that the dissociation between input- and output-based forms of IOR depends on more than just oculomotor activation, providing further support for the existence of an inhibitory cueing effect that is distinct to the manual response modality.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Above</Emphasis>, <Emphasis Type="Italic">on</Emphasis>, or <Emphasis Type="Italic">shang</Emphasis> (上)? Language and spatial representations among English–Mandarin bilinguals

This study investigated if exposure to spatial language could affect spatial cognition in English-Mandarin bilinguals by focusing on contact/noncontact distinctions, an area that has been a source of contention in the language-and-thought literature. Sixty-three participants were first primed with sentences containing spatial terms (e.g., above, on) before performing a spatial decision task. Approximately half of the participants (n = 33) were primed in English; for the remaining participants (n = 30), primes comprising Mandarin spatial terms―which mark spatial distinctions differently than in English (e.g., shang in Mandarin signifies both above and on in English)―were employed instead. Our findings revealed that participants’ performance was influenced by spatial primes in the English experiment, thereby proffering evidence for thinking-for-speaking effects. However, these findings were not mirrored for the Mandarin experiment, confirming that the contact/noncontact specificity of spatial terms may have been instrumental in engendering the thinking-for-speaking effects observed in English.