对心理理论两成分认知模型的验证

Tager-Flusberg 和 Sullivan（2000）从主体信息加工的角度出发首次提出了一个心理理论模型,认为心理理论包括两个成分：一个是社会知觉成分,一个是社会认知成分。本研究设计了一个适合儿童特点的测查社会知觉成分的任务,将对心理理论两成分模型作进一步的验证,并对语言和心理理论两个成分的关系进行了初步探讨。被试为90名3~5岁的儿童,男女各半。结果表明心理理论的认知成分同语言相关密切,而知觉成分同语言没有表现出明显的相关。这个结果为该认知模型提供了进一步的证据     

眼睛注视是独特的吗?——来自发展的证据

采用改编的Posner视空间线索化任务,考查6~9岁儿童对眼睛注视、手指指向、箭头指向和代向汉字4种中央线索的注意定向。结果发现,6岁儿童已经能对眼睛注视线索进行注意定向,并随着年龄增长而改善。7岁组和8岁组儿童注意定向的成绩显著改善,7岁可能是儿童对中央线索注意定向发展的特定阶段。而对手指指向和箭头的注意定向,只有8岁和9岁儿童表现出来。对代向汉字线索的注意定向,8岁时开始出现,9岁时表现出显著的提高。结果提示,眼睛注视线索可能是一种独特的视觉线索,有别于其他中央线索引发的注意定向的发展。     

古代中西方的"学派"观念比较——兼论"思孟学派"的问题

本文从考察古希腊与中国先秦汉初的"学派"观念入手,比较异同,分析其通约性结论,指出学术师承渊源和学术宗旨,是我们考察"学派"的两个重要视角,而且学术师承渊源更重要。进而分析"思孟学派"这个名称,指出从"学派"义例来看,孟子并不认同子思,子思学派与孟子学派是并列的;"思孟学派"这个名称只适宜于着重考究子思的思想,以及孟子因袭其说的部分。     

军事应激障碍的评估与防治

军事应激障碍是部队常见的心理障碍,也是严重影响部队战斗力的主要因素。探讨军事应激障碍的评估方法和防治措施是军事心理学研究的重要内容。本文系统地回顾了国内外军事应激障碍的评估原则和方法,并结合过去的研究成果,提出了军事应激障碍的防治措施。目的是为我军制定切实可行的军事应激防治措施提供科学依据,以维护部队官兵的心理健康,提高部队的战斗力     

The multidimensionality of suicide risk factors and criteria in a nonclinical population: Replication across two countries and two languages

Across two countries and two languages, this research examined the multidimensional associations between suicidality (e.g., past ideation/attempts, communication of intent) and empirically important psychological risk factors (e.g., mental pain, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness). For samples of 228 Canadian and 331 Portuguese university undergraduates, four dimensions emerged in each sample with two of these, intrapersonal and interpersonal, demonstrating strong replicability across countries and languages. It was concluded that suicidality is a phenomenon that demonstrates some multidimensional similarities across cultures.     

Using mixture models with known class membership to address incomplete covariance structures in multiple‐group growth models

Multi‐group latent growth modelling in the structural equation modelling framework has been widely utilized for examining differences in growth trajectories across multiple manifest groups. Despite its usefulness, the traditional maximum likelihood estimation for multi‐group latent growth modelling is not feasible when one of the groups has no response at any given data collection point, or when all participants within a group have the same response at one of the time points. In other words, multi‐group latent growth modelling requires a complete covariance structure for each observed group. The primary purpose of the present study is to show how to circumvent these data problems by developing a simple but creative approach using an existing estimation procedure for growth mixture modelling. A Monte Carlo simulation study was carried out to see whether the modified estimation approach provided tangible results and to see how these results were comparable to the standard multi‐group results. The proposed approach produced results that were valid and reliable under the mentioned problematic data conditions. We also present a real data example and demonstrate that the proposed estimation approach can be used for the chi‐square difference test to check various types of measurement invariance as conducted in a standard multi‐group analysis.     

The Contextual Character of Causal Evidence

I argue for the thesis that causal evidence is context-dependent. The same causal claim may be warranted by the same piece of evidence in one context but not another. I show this in particular for the type of causal evidence characteristic of the manipulability theory defended by Woodward (Making things happen: a theory of causal explanation. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2003). My thesis, however, generalises to other theories—and at the end of the paper I outline the generalization to counterfactual theories. The paradigmatic form of causal evidence in the manipulability theory is provided by tests of the functional invariance of the relation between putative cause and effect under interventions (on the putative cause). I show that such evidence exhibits at least two kinds of context-relativity: personal, or epistemic; and situational, or objective.