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991.
Motor maps, seizures, and behaviour 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G Campbell Teskey Marie H Monfils Corey Flynn Nicole A Young Francine van Rooyen Luke C Henry Lana J Ozen Amy K Henderson Aylin Y Reid Andrew R Brown 《Revue canadienne de psychologie expérimentale》2008,62(2):132-139
Atypically organised motor maps have been described in some people with epilepsy and we have modelled this in rats. Our goal is to more fully understand the mechanisms responsible for seizure-induced functional brain reorganisation and to reverse their effects. Here we present an overview of the relationship between neocortical motor maps, seizures, and interictal behaviour. To begin we summarise the observations of atypical motor maps with epilepsy and in animal models following experimentally induced seizures. Our novel experiments have established that motor map expansion is linked to a functional alteration of motor behaviour. Evidence for some of the putative brain mechanisms responsible for motor map size is discussed. Our successes reversing seizure-induced map expansion by two different methods are also briefly reviewed. Lastly, unanswered questions for possible future experimentation are posed. 相似文献
992.
Tony Ward Kevin Hogan Viki Stuart Elizabeth Singleton 《Counselling and Psychotherapy Research》2008,8(2):73-79
A number of studies have evaluated counselling interventions for people with myalgic encephalitis, but few report client perceptions in any detail. This study seeks to explore client perceptions using a qualitative methodology. A sample of 25 individuals with myalgic encephalitis were interviewed about their experiences in counselling. The interviews were transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis using grounded theory principles. The analysis showed that people with myalgic encephalitis endure significant changes to their lives, often involving great loss and trauma. After seeking help through counselling, participants had experienced a wide variety of approaches and there were positive and negative perceptions of each. Other perceptions related to therapist characteristics and the way in which interventions were carried out. Recommendations for practitioners are given. 相似文献
993.
Cho MK Tobin SL Greely HT McCormick J Boyce A Magnus D 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2008,8(3):4-13
Institutional ethics consultation services for biomedical scientists have begun to proliferate, especially for clinical researchers. We discuss several models of ethics consultation and describe a team-based approach used at Stanford University in the context of these models. As research ethics consultation services expand, there are many unresolved questions that need to be addressed, including what the scope, composition, and purpose of such services should be, whether core competencies for consultants can and should be defined, and how conflicts of interest should be mitigated. We make preliminary recommendations for the structure and process of research ethics consultation, based on our initial experiences in a pilot program. 相似文献
994.
The ability to interpret vocal (prosodic) cues during social interactions can be disrupted by Parkinson's disease, with notable effects on how emotions are understood from speech. This study investigated whether PD patients who have emotional prosody deficits exhibit further difficulties decoding the attitude of a speaker from prosody. Vocally inflected but semantically nonsensical ‘pseudo‐utterances’ were presented to listener groups with and without PD in two separate rating tasks. Task 1 required participants to rate how confident a speaker sounded from their voice and Task 2 required listeners to rate how polite the speaker sounded for a comparable set of pseudo‐utterances. The results showed that PD patients were significantly less able than HC participants to use prosodic cues to differentiate intended levels of speaker confidence in speech, although the patients could accurately detect the polite/impolite attitude of the speaker from prosody in most cases. Our data suggest that many PD patients fail to use vocal cues to effectively infer a speaker's emotions as well as certain attitudes in speech such as confidence, consistent with the idea that the basal ganglia play a role in the meaningful processing of prosodic sequences in spoken language ( Pell & Leonard, 2003 ). 相似文献
995.
This review of Professor Marcos Cueto's Cold War Deadly Fevers: Malaria Eradication in Mexico, 1955–1975 discusses some of the historical, sociological, political and parasitological topics included in Dr. Cueto's superbly well-informed volume. The reviewer, a parasitologist, follows the trail illuminated by Dr. Cueto through the foundations of the malaria eradication campaign; the release in Mexico of the first postage stamp in the world dedicated to malaria control; epidemiological facts on malarial morbidity and mortality in Mexico when the campaign began; the emergence of problem areas that impeded eradication; considerations on mosquitoes and malaria transmission in Mexico; the role of business and society in malaria eradication; the results of the campaign; the relationship between malaria and poverty; and the parasitological lessons to be learned from the history of malaria eradication campaigns. Dr. Cueto's excellent and well-informed exploration of malaria – not merely as a disease but as a social, economic and human problem – makes this book required reading. 相似文献
996.
James Barabas Robert B. Goldstein Henry Apfelbaum Russell L. Woods Robert G. Giorgi Eli Peli 《Behavior research methods》2004,36(4):757-770
This article describes a system for tracking the line of primary gaze (LoPG) of participants as they view a large projection
screen. Using a magnetic head tracker and a tracking algorithm, we find the onscreen location at which a participant is pointing
a head-mounted crosshair. The algorithm presented for tracking the LoPG uses a polynomial function to correct for distortion
in magnetic tracker readings, a geometric model for computing LoPG from corrected tracker measurements, and a method for finding
the intersection of the LoPG with the screen. Calibration techniques for the above methods are presented. The results of two
experiments validating the algorithm and calibration methods are also reported. Experiments showed an improvement in accuracy
of LoPG tracking provided by each of the two presented calibration steps, yielding errors in LoPG measurements of less than
2° over a wide range of head positions. Source code for the described algorithms can be downloaded from the Psychonomic Society
Web archive,http://www.psychonomic.org/archive/. 相似文献
997.
998.
Stuart J. Youngner 《Zygon》2003,38(3):705-724
The transplantation and procurement of human organs has become almost routine in American society. Yet, organ transplantation raises difficult ethical and psychosocial issues in the context of “controlled” death, including the blurring of boundaries between life and death, self and other, healing and harming, and killing and letting die. These issues are explored in the context of the actual experiences of organ donors and recipients, brain death, the introduction of non‐heartbeating donor protocols, and the increasing reliance on living donors. The author draws on a thematic analysis of the way that organ transplantation is presented in the media, films, and science fiction and on his clinical experience as a psychiatrist working with transplant patients, their families, and the nurses and physicians who care for them. 相似文献
999.
1000.