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931.
Phantom limb experiences demonstrate an unexpected degree of fragility inherent in our self-perceptions. This is perhaps most
extreme when congenitally absent limbs are experienced as phantoms. Aplasic phantoms highlight fundamental questions about
the physiological bases of self-experience and the ontogeny of a physical, embodied sense of the self. Some of the most intriguing
of these questions concern the role of mirror neurons in supporting the development of self–other mappings and hence the emergence
of phantom experiences of congenitally absent limbs. In this paper, we will examine the hypothesis that aplasic phantom limb
experience is the result of an ontogenetic interplay between body schemas and mirror neuron activity and that this interplay
is founded on embedding in a social context. Phantom limb experience has been associated with the persistence of subjective
experience of a part of the body after deafferentation through surgical or traumatic removal. We maintain that limited association
is inconsistent with the extent to which phantom limb experience is reported by aplasic individuals. 相似文献
932.
933.
Children’s toys provide a rich arena for investigating conceptual flexibility, because they often can be understood as possessing an individual identity at multiple levels of abstraction. For example, many dolls (e.g., Winnie-the-Pooh) and action figures (e.g., Batman) can be construed either as characters from a fictional world or as physical objects in the real world. In two experiments, 72 4- and 5-year-olds took part in a property extension task, the results of which provide evidence of an understanding that (1) two representations of a character share certain properties in virtue of their shared character identity, and this sharing does not stem simply from having the same name, and (2) one representation of a character is more likely to share properties with another representation of the character if the properties were acquired by the character than if they were acquired by the representation. Children’s understanding of a representational object’s abstract character identity thus enabled them to transcend using its unique spatio-temporal history as a sole basis for inferring its idiosyncratic properties. 相似文献
934.
935.
Scott S. Hall Joy S. Pollard Katerina D. Monlux Joseph M. Baker 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2020,53(2):1177-1191
Current methods employed to interpret functional analysis data include visual analysis and post-hoc visual inspection (PHVI). However, these methods may be biased by dataset complexity, hand calculations, and rater experience. We examined whether an automated approach using nonparametric rank-based statistics could increase the accuracy and efficiency of functional analysis data interpretation. We applied Automated Nonparametric Statistical Analysis (ANSA) to a sample of 65 published functional analyses for which additional experimental evidence was available to verify behavior function. Results showed that exact behavior function agreement between ANSA and the publications authors was 83.1%, exact agreement between ANSA and PHVI was 75.4%, and exact agreement across all 3 methods was 64.6%. These preliminary findings suggest that ANSA has the potential to support the data interpretation process. A web application that incorporates the calculations and rules utilized by ANSA is accessible at https://ansa.shinyapps.io/ansa/ 相似文献
936.
Hall Michael Williams Ronald D. Ford M. Allison Cromeans Erin Murphy Bergman Randall J. 《Journal of religion and health》2020,59(1):484-496
Journal of Religion and Health - The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mediation effect of sexting, and taking sexually suggestive photos on religiosity and hooking-up with three separate... 相似文献
937.
Eileen K. Graham Sara J. Weston Denis Gerstorf Tomiko B. Yoneda Tom Booth Christopher R. Beam Andrew J. Petkus Johanna Drewelies Andrew N. Hall Emily D. Bastarache Ryne Estabrook Mindy J. Katz Nicholas A. Turiano Ulman Lindenberger Jacqui Smith Gert G. Wagner Nancy L. Pedersen Mathias Allemand Avron Spiro III Dorly J.H. Deeg Boo Johansson Andrea M. Piccinin Richard B. Lipton K. Warner Schaie Sherry Willis Chandra A. Reynolds Ian J. Deary Scott M. Hofer Daniel K. Mroczek 《欧洲人格杂志》2020,34(3):301-321
This study assessed change in self-reported Big Five personality traits. We conducted a coordinated integrative data analysis using data from 16 longitudinal samples, comprising a total sample of over 60 000 participants. We coordinated models across multiple datasets and fit identical multi-level growth models to assess and compare the extent of trait change over time. Quadratic change was assessed in a subset of samples with four or more measurement occasions. Across studies, the linear trajectory models revealed declines in conscientiousness, extraversion, and openness. Non-linear models suggested late-life increases in neuroticism. Meta-analytic summaries indicated that the fixed effects of personality change are somewhat heterogeneous and that the variability in trait change is partially explained by sample age, country of origin, and personality measurement method. We also found mixed evidence for predictors of change, specifically for sex and baseline age. This study demonstrates the importance of coordinated conceptual replications for accelerating the accumulation of robust and reliable findings in the lifespan developmental psychological sciences. © 2020 European Association of Personality Psychology 相似文献
938.
The present study investigated the effect of threat of physical harm on the aggressive behavior of intoxicated and nonintoxicated subjects. Forty male undergraduates competed in a reaction time task in which they could deliver shock to an increasingly provocative opponent. In the threat condition, subjects could be hurt by the opponent (they wore a shock electrode), while in the no-threat condition, they could not be hurt by the opponent (the electrode was removed prior to the competition). The results indicated that under conditions of low provocation, the intoxicated subjects behaved more aggressively than the nonintoxicated subjects in both the threatening and nonthreatening condition. However, under conditions of increasing provocation, only the intoxicated subjects in the threatening condition increased their shock settings. 相似文献
939.
Intoxicated and nonintoxicated subjects were given the opportunity to administer electric shocks to a nonprovocative opponent within the context of a competitive reaction time task. Social pressure was used to persuade subjects to administer a highly noxious electric shock to the passive opponent. The social pressure manipulation significantly increased the intoxicated subjects' use of the highly noxious shock. Non-intoxicated subjects did not evidence an appreciable increase in the use of the intense shock option. 相似文献
940.
The effects of sex of aggressor and victim (male/female, female/male, male/male, female/female) on judgments regarding sexual aggression on a date were studied. Participants were 415 female and 279 male community college students (M age = 23.0 years; 47.3% European American, 18.6% Latin American, 7.5% African American, 7.8% South East Asian American, 3.7% Asian American, and 15.1% other) who read one of four vignettes describing a date in which forced intercourse occurred. Participants rated degree of disapproval of the aggressor's behavior from their own viewpoint (Participant Rating), the victim's viewpoint (Victim Rating), and the aggressor's viewpoint (Aggressor Rating). Results of 4 × 2 (Vignette × Participant Gender) ANOVAs of Participant Rating and Victim Rating indicated similar disapproval of the aggressor for all couple types except for female aggressor/male victim, for whom disapproval was significantly lower. The aggressor's overall behavior was rated as date/acquaintance rape by 46.6–55.4% of participants for all vignettes except the female aggressor/male victim vignette (18.7%). 相似文献