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141.
Marie G. Rudden Stuart Twemlow Steven Ackerman 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2008,89(5):993-1010
Various perspectives on leadership within the psychoanalytic, organizational and socio‐biological literature are reviewed, with particular attention to research studies in these areas. Hypotheses are offered about what makes an effective leader: her ability to structure tasks well in order to avoid destructive regressions, to make constructive use of the omnipresent regressive energies in group life, and to redirect regressions when they occur. Systematic qualitative observations of three videotaped sessions each from N = 18 medical staff work groups at an urban medical center are discussed, as is the utility of a scale, the Leadership and Group Regressions Scale (LGRS), that attempts to operationalize the hypotheses. Analyzing the tapes qualitatively, it was noteworthy that at times (in N = 6 groups), the nominal leader of the group did not prove to be the actual, working leader. Quantitatively, a significant correlation was seen between leaders’ LGRS scores and the group’s satisfactory completion of their quantitative goals (p = 0.007) and ability to sustain the goals (p = 0.04), when the score of the person who met criteria for group leadership was used. 相似文献
142.
Scott Stuart Russell Noyes Jr. Vladan Starcevic Arthur Barsky 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2008,38(1):45-53
Data regarding the treatment of somatoform disorders suggest that the gains associated with current psychopharmacologic or
psychotherapeutic treatments are modest at best. There have been a few moderately effective treatments for selected functional
somatic syndromes, but patients who present with multi-system symptoms meeting criteria for the DSM-IV somatoform disorders
are notoriously unresponsive to treatment. Experts in the field have advocated several approaches, including interpersonally
oriented and cognitive-behavioral therapies, and have emphasized the importance of the provision of reassurance within the
doctor-patient relationship. While each individual approach has merit, none is likely to be maximally efficacious as a stand-alone
treatment. In this article we describe the theoretical underpinnings and technical aspects of a treatment for somatizing patients
that integrates these three elements. 相似文献
143.
144.
McKelvie SJ 《Perceptual and motor skills》2008,107(1):257-260
Referring to a popular procedure for examining false recall, in 2007 Branch, et al. stated that its two acronyms ("DRM" and "DRMRS") reflected variations in the procedure at the time of testing. However, the acronyms primarily reflect variations in the people to whom the basic procedure should be attributed. A calculation error in their paper is also corrected, and it is observed that magnitudes of both false recall and correct recall obtained by their young adolescents with no learning difficulties are similar to those with adults. Theoretical implications are discussed. 相似文献
145.
146.
Ursula Hess Stuart Brody Job van der Schalk Agneta H. Fischer 《Personality and individual differences》2007,43(8):1991-1997
A study was conducted to assess whether individual differences in sexual activity during the past 30 days, in particular penile–vaginal intercourse (PVI; which is associated with measures of relationship quality), are related to the perception of the facial attractiveness of unknown men. Forty-five women reported the frequency of a variety of sexual behaviors and rated the facial attractiveness and friendliness of 24 men. Women who reported more frequent orgasm from masturbation rated men as less friendly. This finding might be reflective of the more anti-social attitude associated with more frequent masturbation. The results also show that women who engaged more frequently in most kinds of sexual behavior, not only PVI, considered unknown men to be less facially attractive. That is, individuals who engage more frequently in a variety of sexual behaviors with their partner perceived unknown men as less attractive and thereby may be less susceptible to the lure of other (or if the only sexual behavior is masturbation, any) men. 相似文献
147.
Stuart Brock 《Philosophical Studies》2007,132(2):211-242
Many philosophers suggest (1) that our emotional engagement with fiction involves participation in a game of make-believe,
and (2) that what distinguishes an emotional game from a dispassionate game is the fact that the former activity alone involves
sensations of physiological and visceral disturbances caused by our participation in the game. In this paper I argue that
philosophers who accept (1) should reject (2). I then illustrate how this conclusion illuminates various puzzles in aesthetics
and the philosophy of mind. 相似文献
148.
Individuals with low working memory capacity (e.g. preschoolers) are more prone to goal neglect, or a failure to execute a goal even though it is understood. We examined the role of goal neglect in performance on the Dimensional Change Card Sort by including 'redundant' cards that could be sorted without attending to the rules, as well as the traditional 'conflict' cards that encouraged awareness of the rules. In Experiment 1, 4- and 5-year-old children were administered two card sorts that differed on the proportion of redundant cards presented (20% vs. 80%). Children neglected the goal more often when faced with a preponderance of redundant cards, suggesting that consistent attention to the rules leads to goal maintenance. In Experiment 2, results were replicated even when the post-switch rules were repeated on every trial. Implications for the development of working memory are discussed. 相似文献
149.
150.
Aggressive responding following benzodiazepine ingestion has been recorded in both experimental and client populations, however, the mechanism responsible for this outcome is unclear. The goal of this study was to identify an affective concomitant linked to diazepam‐induced aggression that might be responsible for this relationship. Thirty males (15 diazepam and 15 placebo) participated in the Taylor Aggression Paradigm while covertly being videotaped. The videotapes were analyzed using the Facial Action Coding System with the goal of identifying facial expression differences between the two groups. Relative to placebo participants, diazepam participants selected significantly higher shock settings for their opponents, consistent with past findings using this paradigm. Diazepam participants also engaged in significantly fewer appeasement expressions (associated with the self‐conscious emotions) during the task, although there were no group differences for other emotion expressions or for movements in general. Aggr. Behav. 35:203–212, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc. 相似文献