Abstraction of prototypical information by adults and 10-month-old infants

The primary purpose of this study was to investigate whether preverbal infants, when presented with exemplars of an artificially constructed category, would abstract a prototypical representation of the category, and if so, whether this representation was formed by either "counting" or "averaging" the features that were varying among category members. Two experiments are reported. In Experiment 1, a set of stimuli was developed and tested for which it was demonstrated that adult subjects would readily abstruct either a modal or an average prototypical representation. The type of representation abstracted was found to be dependent on the discriminability of the feature values. In Experiment 2, 10-mo.-old infants were tested using a habituation paradigm with the stimuli developed in the first experiment. The results of this study indicated that the infants were also able to abstract the featural information that was varying among the exemplars of the category, and the infants formed an internal represenatation of the category by averaging feature values. Thus, the results clearly imply that infants are able to constructively process visual information and hence take a more active role in category formation than had been previously believed.     

Some results on random utility models

This paper extends earlier work on the properties of Thurstone choice models to the general random utility model (RUM), in which the components of the random utility vector are not necessarily independent and identically distributed, even apart from location shifts. The condition for two RUMs to be equivalent is established, and relationships between the choice axiom, decomposition, and other conditions are explored. In the special case of the Thurstone model, the conditions considered are all equivalent to the double exponential distribution.     

临床肝移植的几点思考

近几年临床肝移植发展极为迅速,也因此产生了许多热点问题,本文对我国目前临床肝移植中存在的几个热点问题加以阐述,同时运用系统和辩证的观点进行分析,针对这些问题提出了自己的观点。     

内隐序列学习与注意负荷关系的实验研究

采用2(注意负荷:高、低)单因素被试内实验设计,以18名在校大学生为被试,运用行为实验及事件相关电位技术,对内隐序列学习是否需要注意负荷的参与进行实验研究。结果发现:(1)在高、低注意负荷条件下都出现了内隐序列学习效应;(2)高注意负荷序列探测刺激诱发的P1、N1波幅显著大于低注意负荷序列探测刺激诱发的,表明高注意负荷条件下需要更多的注意;(3)高、低注意负荷序列内隐序列学习量差异不显著,表明内隐序列学习不受注意负荷影响。     

物体分类任务中线索效应的ERP研究

本实验采用ERP技术,对图片分类任务中的线索效应进行研究。实验任务为:图形形状判断、动物/非动物判断。靶刺激图片前呈现线索。线索分为有效线索、无效线索和中性线索。结果发现:(1)有效线索条件下对靶刺激的早期知觉再认得到易化——知觉加工成分波幅下降;(2)有效线索条件下,靶刺激中与任务相关的信息得到加工——任务相关的特异性成分增强。有效线索易化对靶刺激的知觉辨认,提取与线索提供背景相关的信息,促进行为反应。     

幼儿能力判断发展特点研究

本研究以62名3~6岁儿童为被试,考察了幼儿在不同任务中对自身和他人能力判断的发展特点。结果表明:(1)幼儿对自身或他人能力判断的准确性随着年龄的增长而提高;(2)幼儿对他人能力判断并不比对自身能力判断更准确,随着年龄的增长,幼儿开始对自身能力做出更加积极的判断;(3)幼儿能够明确区分愿望与预期,不过当幼儿对自身能力进行判断时这种区分不容易显现出来。     

登楼试验在低肺功能食管癌患者术前心肺功能评估中的作用研究

对需行食管癌手术的418例患者行术前静态肺功能检查后,按第一秒用力呼气量占预计值百分比（FEV1％）分为两组：肺功能正常组（NPF）和低肺功能组（LPF）。NPF组直接手术治疗,LPF组补充登楼试验,选择部分患者经术前功能锻炼后手术治疗,观察两组的临床情况。静态肺功能测定结果较差而进行登楼试验筛选后的部分患者可以通过功能锻炼提高心肺功能储备,从而能够接受手术治疗。     

傣医学因果联系观初探

傣医学的哲学基础多源于佛教哲学,其因果联系观就是基于佛教的缘起论观点建立起来的。傣医将此观点广泛用于对人体生命的认识,用以解释生命的产生,解释生理、病理,用于病因学及指导诊断、用药,还用于指导养生,是傣医学重要组成部分。     

雷公藤多苷对肝脏的双重作用及其思考

文献研究表明,雷公藤多苷既可治疗肝脏疾病,又能引起肝脏毒性.本文对其双重作用从不同角度进行了分析,认为药物均存在治疗作用和毒副作用的双重效应,且与用药剂量、时间密切相关,并从严控剂量时间、加强监测、重视"治未病"、改进剂型等方面提出了应对措施.     

医疗改革与医学整合

医疗改革是以解决现阶段医学相关社会矛盾为重点的重大改革.而医学整合则是以促进保健服务公平与医学人文精神落实为目的的医学革命与创新.医学整合可以为医疗改革的深化提供理论导向和支撑,而医疗改革则可以促进医学整合的进程.