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101.
Four patients with infantile hemiplegia who had undergone hemispherectomy were examined. both left (LH) and right (RH) hemidecorticates obtained borderline defective scores on IQ tests. Patients with isolated right hemispheres were found not to be aphasic or apraxic. Visuospatial and constructional capacities were compromised in all patients. Individuals with an isolated right hemisphere smiled and gestured more than did those with an isolated right hemisphere. EEG and CT scan data showed that the remaining hemisphere was not normal in these patients. Therefore, inferences regarding the functional plasticity of the remaining hemisphere must be made with caution. 相似文献
102.
Test revisions are increasingly common in psychology and neuropsychology in particular. However, such revisions may alter in complex ways the kind of information obtained, and they may assess traits, abilities, and conditions in ways different from earlier versions. This article outlines some of the problems associated with the revision of tests facing clinicians and researchers. Three broad classes of revision are considered. Part 1 considers the aging of tests, part 2 concerns the aging of participants, and part 3 considers changes in test format. Although the article focuses largely on measures of intelligence and personality, the issues addressed in the article apply to other tests and assessment domains as well. 相似文献
103.
104.
Danie Strauss 《South African Journal of Philosophy》2016,35(3):261-271
Before criticism is justified, an account of the applicable criteria should be given. This task concerns first of all the well-known logical principles of identity, contradiction and the excluded middle. They connect critical thinking to the conceptual element of rationality and to the normed nature of logical thinking, manifest in logically sound (norm-conformative) thinking and antinormative thinking—briefly also accounting for the dialectical tradition. An analysis of these principles requires an understanding of the uniqueness of, and coherence between, the logical and non-logical aspects in the light of contraries like logical-illogical, polite-impolite and frugal-wasteful. It also questions the idea of autonomy and examines the switch from principles to values. When a school of thought does not accept all the logical principles, the criteria for scientific thinking are challenged, for example in intuitionistic logic which rejects the universal validity of the principle of the excluded middle. It is then argued that the principle of sufficient reason and that of the excluded antinomy points at a more than logical foundation for critical thinking and ultimately calls for a non-reductionist ontology. 相似文献
105.
Guillemine Chaudoye Marine Strauss‐Kahn Rafika Zebdi 《The International journal of psycho-analysis》2017,98(4):985-997
‘I want to erase him from my memory,’ she said, ‘his eyes, his eyes staring at me … they are there every night, his hand … every night it hits me again and again …’. On the basis of these few words taken from the therapeutic work with Keltoum, the author reflects theoretically and clinically on the place of memory in a traumatism: a fixed memory, a ‘frozen image’, the signs of a traumatic compulsion to repeat, are the expressions of a process of psychic disorganization but also of a ‘symbolized and symbolizing’ memory anticipating a possible historicization of this memory, of a path, therefore, towards a resolution of the trauma resulting from a process of psychic integration and reorganization. 相似文献
106.
James M. Gold Britta Hahn Gregory P. Strauss James A. Waltz 《Neuropsychology review》2009,19(3):294-311
Patients with schizophrenia demonstrate marked impairments on most clinical neuropsychological tests. These findings suggest
that patients suffer from a generalized form of cognitive impairment, with little evidence of spared performance documented
in several large meta-analytic reviews of the clinical literature. In contrast, we review evidence for relative sparing of
aspects of attention, procedural memory, and emotional processing observed in studies that have employed experimental approaches
adapted from the cognitive and affective neuroscience literature. These islands of preserved performance suggest that the
cognitive deficits in schizophrenia are not as general as they appear to be when assayed with clinical neuropsychological
methods. The apparent contradiction in findings across methods may offer important clues about the nature of cognitive impairment
in schizophrenia. The documentation of preserved cognitive function in schizophrenia may serve to sharpen hypotheses about
the biological mechanisms that are implicated in the illness. 相似文献
107.
The study investigates relationships between 2 measures of religiosity (immanence orientation and religious fundamentalism) and 2 measures of attitudes toward diversity (universal‐diverse orientation and attitudes toward gay men and lesbians). As expected, different conceptualizations of religiosity relate differently to diversity attitudes. Immanence orientation related positively and religious fundamentalism related negatively with both measures of diversity attitudes. However, when both measures were included in the hierarchical regression equation, immanence orientation no longer related significantly with attitudes toward lesbians and gay men; and religious fundamentalism no longer related significantly with universal‐diverse orientation. Finally, gender and immanence interacted to predict universal‐diverse orientation. Implications are discussed. 相似文献
108.
109.
Williams BR Strauss EH Hultsch DF Hunter MA 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2007,14(4):417-439
Age-related differences in inconsistency of reaction time (RT) across the life span were examined on a task with differing levels of demand on executive control. A total of 546 participants, aged 5 to 76 years, completed a spatial Stroop task that permitted observations under three conditions (congruent, incongruent, and neutral) according to the correspondence between the required response (based on stimulus direction) and stimulus location. An interference effect was observed across all ages. Analyses of neutral condition data replicated previous research demonstrating RT inconsistency follows a U-shaped developmental curve across the life span. The relationship between age and inconsistency, however, depended on condition: inconsistency in the congruent condition was higher than inconsistency in both the neutral and incongruent conditions across middle-aged groups. Reaction time inconsistency may reflect processing efficiency that is maximal in young adulthood and may also be sensitive to fluctuations in performance that reflect momentarily highly efficient responding. 相似文献
110.