诗才禅味两相当——话说五台山诗僧群现象

检先师山西大学历史系教授罗元贞先生遗稿,有《五台诗卷》长卷.据其跋语,知罗先生1954年神经衰弱益甚,暑假自往避暑胜地五台山休养.那时没有班车,他是骑驴去的,路上走了三天才到,宿于大显通寺,在山中住了20天.多年忙碌,忽得清闲,"病果渐愈",同时作诗五、六十首,自云为学诗以来最高纪录.于是手抄存之,题日《五台诗卷》.     

概念加工深度影响道德概念水平方位隐喻联结

通过6个实验探究了不同概念加工深度下道德概念与水平方位的隐喻联结。实验1采用迫选任务范式,实验2、实验3和实验4均采用空间Stroop范式,实验5和实验6均采用启动范式。结果发现:(1)在思维迫选中存在道德与左、不道德与右的隐喻联结;(2)在较深、中等概念加工深度下发现了隐喻一致性效应,在较浅概念加工深度下未发现这种效应;(3)在较浅概念加工深度下始源域和目标域之间的映射均不存在,即未在启动范式中发现隐喻联结。结果表明:道德概念与水平方位存在隐喻联结,这种隐喻联结中左表征道德、右表征不道德,并同时受到始源域和目标域加工深度的影响。     

基因治疗病毒载体何去何从

8 0 %的基因治疗采用转染率较高的病毒载体 ,但应用病毒作为载体有可能在复制过程中增加活性病毒的拷贝 ,诱发宿主细胞免疫反应或癌变等副作用。以病毒为载体因为诸多隐患而逐渐退出基因治疗的历史舞台 ,安全、高效的非病毒载体可能是将来的基因治疗载体的目标     

组织创新气氛的测量及其在员工创新能力与创新绩效关系中的调节效应

首先通过对46名在职MBA研究生的开放式问卷数据进行质性分析, 归纳探索出了基于我国国情的组织创新气氛的基本结构, 并参定预试测332份数据的反馈结果编制了组织创新气氛问卷。483份有效数据的探索性因素分析发现组织创新气氛是一个包括激励机制、领导躬行、团队协力、上级支持、资源保障、组织促进、自主工作等在内的七因素模型。为进一步验证该结构的有效性, 我们在10家企业共获得有效数据413份, 进行了验证性因素分析, 结果显示: 基于中国文化背景编制的组织创新气氛问卷具有良好的效度和信度; 同时, 运用层次回归分析还发现, 组织创新气氛在员工创新能力与创新绩效关系中具有显著的调节作用。     

从知觉分心任务看儿童类比推理能力的发展

采用四类图片类比映射任务,考察了知觉分心对90名4岁、5岁、6岁儿童类比推理能力发展的影响,并进一步阐释影响儿童类比推理能力发展的可能机制。四类图片类比映射任务分别为一种关系无分心任务、一种关系有分心任务、两种关系无分心任务和两种关系有分心任务。结果表明：（1）在具备相应知识经验的前提下,知觉分心对儿童类比推理成绩有显著影响,儿童在无分心任务中的表现明显好于知觉分心任务的表现。在无分心条件下,4岁儿童已经开始能够选择关系匹配来正确完成类比推理。错误分析发现知觉分心任务中儿童所犯错误主要是分心错误,而且分心错误随年龄增长呈下降趋势。这表明对知觉分心的抑制控制可能是儿童类比推理能力发展的一个重要影响因素。（2）随着年龄增长,儿童类比推理能力逐渐提高。总体表现为6岁组的成绩显著优于4岁、5岁组的成绩,而4岁组的成绩与5岁组的成绩没有显著差异。5岁可能是儿童能够抑制知觉分心进行类比推理的快速发展期     

Nonsuicidal Self‐Injury Is Predictive of Suicide Attempts Among Individuals with Mood Disorders

Nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) prior to age 18 was evaluated as a risk factor for adulthood suicide attempt (SA). Archival data from 222 mood‐disordered participants were analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional hazards analysis. Participants with a youth SA were excluded. The hazards of SA among adult participants with a history of youth NSSI were twice than those of mood‐disordered participants without youth NSSI (hazard ratio = 2.00, 95% confidence interval = 1.16–3.44, p = .01). Moreover, participants who had both youth and adult NSSI attempted suicide significantly earlier than participants who began NSSI as an adult. Youth NSSI is associated with persistent, elevated SA risk in adulthood.     

Is There a Relationship between Suicidal Intent and Lethality in Deliberate Self‐Poisoning?

The relationship between suicidal intent and lethality of deliberate self‐poisoning (DSP) episodes and their associations with suicide have yielded contradictory findings. The aims of this study were to investigate the association between patients’ suicidal intent and independently rated lethality of DSP episodes, and whether the association changes over time. Eighty‐nine DSP patients were investigated longitudinally. Self‐reported suicidal intent, including perceived likelihood of dying, wish to die, and whether or not the DSP was considered a suicide attempt, was measured at the time of the index episode (t1), 3 months (t2), and 12 months (t3) later. Lethality was assessed independently by three clinical toxicologists. Lethality was significantly associated with patients’ reported wish to die (p = .01) and perceived likelihood of dying (p = .04) at t1, but not at t2 and t3. No association was found between whether the episode was considered a suicide attempt or not and lethality at t1, t2, or t3. Lethality and suicidal intent should be considered as largely separate dimensions of self‐harm. Clinicians should bear this in mind during clinical assessment, especially regarding historical information.     

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Clusters and the Interpersonal Theory of Suicide in a Large Military Sample

Prior studies examining posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom clusters and the components of the interpersonal theory of suicide (ITS) have yielded mixed results, likely stemming in part from the use of divergent samples and measurement techniques. This study aimed to expand on these findings by utilizing a large military sample, gold standard ITS measures, and multiple PTSD factor structures. Utilizing a sample of 935 military personnel, hierarchical multiple regression analyses were used to test the association between PTSD symptom clusters and the ITS variables. Additionally, we tested for indirect effects of PTSD symptom clusters on suicidal ideation through thwarted belongingness, conditional on levels of perceived burdensomeness. Results indicated that numbing symptoms are positively associated with both perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness and hyperarousal symptoms (dysphoric arousal in the 5‐factor model) are positively associated with thwarted belongingness. Results also indicated that hyperarousal symptoms (anxious arousal in the 5‐factor model) were positively associated with fearlessness about death. The positive association between PTSD symptom clusters and suicidal ideation was inconsistent and modest, with mixed support for the ITS model. Overall, these results provide further clarity regarding the association between specific PTSD symptom clusters and suicide risk factors.     

医疗安全问题经济后果及构成因素

医疗安全问题导致了严重的经济后果.本文分别从个人、医院、社会三个方面详细阐述了住院病人医疗安全经济后果的构成因素,以及国内外关于医疗安全经济后果的研究现状和研究进展,提出我国的医院管理中致力于医疗安全研究的必要性.     

不同年龄患者左旋布比卡因硬膜外麻醉药效学和安全性

探讨不同年龄患者左旋布比卡因硬膜外麻醉的药效学和安全性.60例行下肢手术患者,按年龄分为三组,每组20例.左旋布比卡因用量1.8mg·kg-1.观察并记录注药后感觉及运动阻滞情况、评价麻醉效果、监测麻醉期间血流动力学和心电图变化及不良反应发生情况.结果是最大感觉阻滞平面I组高于Ⅲ组.感觉及运动阻滞维持时间I组均长于Ⅲ组(P<0.05);三组麻醉优良率均达100%;麻醉期间血流动力学变化均较稳定;不良反应发生率均较低.结论为不同年龄惠者0.75%左旋布比卡因硬膜外麻醉安全有效,年龄对其药效学有明显影响.