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201.
Robin Orthey Nicola Palena Aldert Vrij Ewout Meijer Sharon Leal Hartmut Blank Letizia Caso 《Applied cognitive psychology》2019,33(5):974-979
We examined the effects of cognitive load on the strategy selection in the forced choice test (FCT) when used to detect hidden crime knowledge. Examinees (N = 120) with and without concealed knowledge from a mock crime were subjected to an FCT either under standard circumstances or cognitive load. Cognitive load was implemented through time pressure. The FCT distinguished examinees with concealed knowledge from those without better than chance in both conditions, but the counterstrategies did not differ between conditions. Further investigation revealed that time pressure did affect examinees' ability to follow their intended counterstrategy to produce randomized test patterns, which constitutes an effective counterstrategy in the FCT. Hence, time pressure lowered the success rate of effective counterstrategies, but not their incident rates. Further disambiguation of various cognitive load manipulations and their effects on strategy selection and execution is needed. 相似文献
202.
Plowes Nicola Du Yu Congdon Jenna V. Bulitko Vadim Soares Everton S. Spetch Marcia L. 《Animal cognition》2019,22(1):35-47
Animal Cognition - Veromessor pergandei harvester ants are group foragers which use a combination of social cues (pheromone-marked columns) and individual cues (e.g., self-generated movement,... 相似文献
203.
Windy Dryden Nicola Hurton Debbie Malki Panayota Manias Katie Williams 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2008,26(2):63-88
This exploratory research set out to develop an initial framework and categorization scheme for understanding patients’ initial
doubts, reservations and objections to the ABC’s of REBT and their application. 60 patients were asked to write down their
doubts following a pre-therapy “Introduction to REBT” session. Subsequently, an emergent content analysis was carried out
to identify main themes. The content analysis revealed five general categories, of which the two largest ones concerned theoretical
doubts about the ABC model, and doubts about putting the ABC model into practice. Further sub-categorization revealed a variety
of concerns that related to these categories. For example, a large proportion of doubts about putting the ABC model into practice
were sub-categorized as concerning the perceived difficulty of doing so. In turn, this sub-category contained further sub-categories
of difficulty-related beliefs.
相似文献
Windy DrydenEmail: |
204.
Prof. Dr. Jörn von Wietersheim Jörg Oster Doro Munz Nicola Epple Edit Rottler Kathrin Mörtl 《Psychotherapeut》2008,53(6):424-431
Literature research and own clinical experiences confirm the significance of a combined use of settings and methods in the area of inpatient and outpatient psychotherapy. For inpatient treatment, the combined use of methods, such as individual psychotherapy, group therapy, creative therapies, and sport, are an essential part of the treatment. In outpatient treatment, the regulations of the German insurance do not permit such combinations. Nevertheless, they occur and are often proactively initiated by the patients. The various combined use of psychotherapy and psychotropics is very well studied, but also the combination of settings, i.e. supplementary inpatient treatment, day treatment, and outpatient treatment have to be considered. While administering their therapies, psychotherapists should keep in mind possibly concurrently ongoing treatments as well as former therapies and their effects on the patients. With the exception of combinations with psychotropic treatment, there exist almost no empirical data in this important field. 相似文献
205.
ABSTRACT— Recent discoveries suggest that social pain is as real and intense as physical pain, and that the social-pain system may have piggybacked on the brain structure that had evolved earlier for physical pain. The present study examined an important distinction between social and physical pain: Individuals can relive and reexperience social pain more easily and more intensely than physical pain. Studies 1 and 2 showed that people reported higher levels of pain after reliving a past socially painful event than after reliving a past physically painful event. Studies 3 and 4 found, in addition, that people performed worse on cognitively demanding tasks after they relived social rather than physical pain. Implications for research on social pain and theories about social pain are discussed. 相似文献
206.
Abigail Stewart Lilia Cortina Nicola Curtin 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2008,2(5):2034-2048
In this essay, we assess whether gender is important to personality in the eyes of mainstream personality psychologists and in the eyes of feminist psychologists. We discover that these two perspectives are in fact widely divergent. Most research on personality published today in top‐tier ‘mainstream’ personality journals does not take gender seriously. Moreover, frequently‐used textbooks on personality – whether focused on theories or themes – pay little attention to issues of gender. In contrast, most research on personality published in journals focused on the psychology of women and gender treats gender as an important feature of personality. In that research, gender is fully theoretically integrated into the research, testable hypotheses are developed, and analyses include considerable attention to gender. The current segregation of perspectives on the relevance of gender to personality strikes us as deeply problematic for progress in developing a complete picture of personality in context. 相似文献
207.
Remembering combinations of information such as what resources have been seen in which locations could play an important role
in enhancing individual survival through increased foraging success. To date, there have been relatively few investigations
of avian memory involving more than one category of information. This study explored zebra finches’ (Taeniopygia guttata) capacity to recall two categories in combination, namely food-type and spatial location. Birds were trained to remove variously
weighted flaps to find two types of food hidden beneath. Memory for food-types and locations was assessed by pre-feeding the
birds to satiety on and devaluing one food-type, and then testing the birds’ efficiency at finding the non-devalued food.
When allowed one trial to learn locations of two food rewards that were hidden beneath lightly weighted flaps, birds performed
better than chance at locating a food reward. However, they did not preferentially search for the non pre-fed food, suggesting
that they were unable to recall both food type and location in combination. Zebra finches made fewer errors when tested on
the one-trial task using more heavily weighted flaps than with lightly weighted flaps; there was equivocal evidence that they
remembered which food type was hidden where on this task. When given repeated exposures to the locations of the two food rewards,
finches located a food reward more accurately than on the one-trial tasks, and were also more likely to recall the locations
of the different food types. In this foraging paradigm, experience and motivation may have influenced the birds’ performance. 相似文献
208.
What information underwrites visual anticipation skill in dynamic sport situations? We examined this question on the premise that the optical information used for anticipation resides in the dynamic motion structures, or modes, that are inherent in the observed kinematic patterns. In Experiment 1, we analyzed whole-body movements involved in tennis shots to different directions and distances by means of principal component analysis. The shots differed in the few modes that captured most of the variance, especially as a function of shot direction. In Experiments 2 and 3, skilled and less skilled tennis players were asked to anticipate the direction of simulated shots on the basis of kinematic patterns in which only the constituent dynamic structures were manipulated. The results indicated that players predicted shot direction by picking up the information contained in multiple low-dimensional dynamic modes, suggesting that anticipation skill in tennis entails the extraction of this dynamic information from high-dimensional displays. 相似文献
209.
Foweather L McWhannell N Henaghan J Lees A Stratton G Batterham AM 《Perceptual and motor skills》2008,106(3):745-754
This exploratory study examined the effects of a 9-wk. after-school multiskills club on fundamental movement skill proficiency in 8- to 9-yr.-old children. Two schools were randomly assigned to either a control (n = 15 children) or multiskill club (n = 19 children) condition. The multiskill club received 18 coaching sessions designed to improve fundamental movement skills. The control group followed normal routines. 7 skills were assessed using process-oriented measures with video analysis. Participation in the multiskill club yielded significant improvements in proficiency at posttest only in static balance, while potentially practically important improvements were observed in performance of the catch, throw, and kick skills. The after-school multiskill club offered a viable opportunity for movement skill acquisition, but any such programme would need to run for a longer duration to assess whether this type of activity could benefit all skills. 相似文献
210.
Pauline Banks Nicola Cogan Sheila Riddell Susan Deeley Malcolm Hill Kay Tisdall 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》2002,30(3):229-246
Almost 3 million children in the UK live in households where at least one family member is affected by chronic illness or disability. A proportion of these children will be young carers. This paper begins with a brief review of the literature relating to young carers. Particular attention is paid to the adoption of a caring role, the'hidden' nature of caring including young people'sreluctance to discuss their caring, the impact of caring on education, and the location and type of services provided.The findings of a small-scale study carried out in Scotland are presented in order to highlight some of the issues raised in the literature. Discussion focuses on the implications for the field of guidance and counselling. 相似文献