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51.
Greg Jensen Patricia D. Stokes Anthea Paterniti Peter D. Balsam 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2014,21(2):436-444
We investigated how changes in outcome magnitude affect behavioral variation in human volunteers. Our participants entered strings of characters using a computer keyboard, receiving feedback (gaining a number of points) for any string at least ten characters long. During a “surprise” phase in which the number of points awarded was changed, participants only increased their behavioral variability when the reward value was downshifted to a lower amount, and only when such a shift was novel. Upshifts in reward did not have a systematic effect on variability. 相似文献
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Dustin Stokes 《Australasian journal of philosophy》2018,96(2):303-318
One sceptical rejoinder to those who claim that sensory perception is cognitively penetrable is to appeal to the involvement of spatial attention. While the sceptic is correct that some putative cases are accurately deflected in this way, the rejoinder oversimplifies the possible roles that attention might play in relevant contexts. This paper identifies alternative ways that selective attention might play a role in cognitive effects on perception. What emerges is a plausible and well-evidenced mental schema that describes attention-mediated cognitive penetration. 相似文献
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The finding that serial recall performance for visually presented items is impaired by concurrently presented task-irrelevant speech or sounds is referred to as the irrelevant-speech/-sound effect (ISE). Substantial evidence has indicated that the impairment of serial rehearsal can result in an ISE, and this may be explained by several models. The present series of experiments has demonstrated an ISE in surprise nonserial recognition tasks in which participants were unaware of the need to maintain a large number of visual items for a later memory test, suggesting that neither the rehearsal nor maintenance of order information is necessary for observing the ISE. This effect was observed for both steady-state and changing-state irrelevant sounds, suggesting that the present results do not derive from a confusion of order information, but instead provide evidence that identity representations can also be impaired by irrelevant sound. 相似文献
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David Stokes Rebecca Mathews Dr Brin F. S. Grenyer Katherine Crea 《Australian psychologist》2010,45(3):178-188
A detailed analysis of the different sectors of the psychology workforce was conducted as part of the National Psychology Workforce Survey: Independent Private Practice (IPP), Employed in Public Sector (EPuS) and Employed in Private Sector (EPrS). A total of 11,897 psychologists responded to the workforce survey, a response rate of 48%. Of these 8,086 were fully registered and currently working in a psychology role. Sectors were compared on a range of practice characteristics and differences were explored using a series of ANOVAs and post‐hoc analyses. Results of analyses revealed qualitative differences between the three sectors. Strategies for maintaining the employed workforce were also collected and are reported to be as much about increasing work satisfaction and support for professional and development opportunities as about salary. 相似文献
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Stokes Ryan C. Venezia Jonathan H. Hickok Gregory 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2019,26(4):1354-1366
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - Recent evidence suggests that the motor system may have a facilitatory role in speech perception during noisy listening conditions. Studies clearly show an... 相似文献
60.
Bayesian IRT Guessing Models for Partial Guessing Behaviors 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
According to the recent Nation’s Report Card, 12th-graders failed to produce gains on the 2005 National Assessment of Educational
Progress (NAEP) despite earning better grades on average. One possible explanation is that 12th-graders were not motivated
taking the NAEP, which is a low-stakes test. We develop three Bayesian IRT mixture models to describe the results from a group
of examinees including both nonguessers and partial guessers. The first assumes that the guesser answers questions based on
his or her knowledge up to a certain test item, and guesses thereafter. The second model assumes that the guesser answers
relatively easy questions based on his or her knowledge and guesses randomly on the remaining items. The third is constructed
to describe more general low-motivation behavior. It assumes that the guesser gives less and less effort as he or she proceeds
through the test. The models can provide not only consistent estimates of IRT parameters but also estimates of each examinee’s
nonguesser/guesser status and degree of guessing behavior. We show results of a simulation study comparing the performance
of the three guessing models to the 2PL-IRT model. Finally, an analysis of real data from a low-stakes test administered to
university students is presented. 相似文献