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11.
Barend JM Steyn Margaretha H Steyn David JF Maree Clorinda Panebianco-Warrens 《Journal of Psychology in Africa》2016,26(2):167-171
This study explored the efficacy of psychological skills and mindfulness training intervention on the psychological wellbeing of undergraduate music students. Participants were undergraduate music students (n = 36) from the Department of Music at a South African university, 21 of whom were elected to take the psychological skills and mindfulness training intervention. Data on their self-reported psychological wellbeing, psychological skills, mindfulness and performance anxiety levels were collected pre-and post-intervention. The analysis applied non-parametric procedures to determine changes in students’ psychological wellbeing after the seven-week intervention programme. Findings suggest improvements in psychological wellbeing, psychological skills, mindfulness and performance anxiety with training. Psychological skills and mindfulness training may have benefits to the psychological wellbeing of music students. 相似文献
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Brain damage can cause massive changes in consciousness levels. From a clinical and ethical point of view it is desirable
to assess the level of residual consciousness in unresponsive patients. However, no direct measure of consciousness exists,
so we run into the philosophical problem of other minds. Neurologists often make implicit use of a Turing test-like procedure
in an attempt to gain access to damaged minds, by monitoring and interpreting neurobehavioral responses. New brain imaging
techniques are now being developed that permit communication with unresponsive patients, using their brain signals as carriers
of messages relating to their mental states. 相似文献
14.
Tinca J.C. Polderman John F. Stins Danielle Posthuma M. Florencia Gosso Frank C. Verhulst Dorret I. Boomsma 《Intelligence》2006,34(6):549-560
This study examined the phenotypic and genotypic relationship between working memory speed (WMS) and working memory capacity (WMC) in 12-year-old twins and their siblings (N = 409). To asses WMS all children performed a reaction time task with three memory loads from which a basic mental speed measure and the derived slope were used. WMC was measured with two subtests of the WISC-R, namely Arithmetic and Digit Span. The phenotypic correlations among the WMS and WMC indices were around − 0.30. Heritabilities for all variables ranged from 43% to 56%. Structural equating modelling revealed that a model with two genetic factors, representing WMS and WMC, which were correlated (− 0.54) fitted the data best, indicating that WMS and WMC are partly mediated by the same set of genes and partly by separate sets of genes. When general IQ was simultaneously analysed with the data the correlation between the genetic factors for WMS and WMC decreased (− 0.25), but was still significant. This means that 50% of the genetic correlation between WMS and WMC is explained by IQ. 相似文献
15.
John F. Stins Iris K. Schneider Sander L. Koole Peter J. Beek 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2015,11(3):77-83
The present study examined the differential effects of kinesthetic imagery (first
person perspective) and visual imagery (third person perspective) on postural
sway during quiet standing. Based on an embodied cognition perspective, the
authors predicted that kinesthetic imagery would lead to activations in
movement-relevant motor systems to a greater degree than visual imagery. This
prediction was tested among 30 participants who imagined various motor
activities from different visual perspectives while standing on a strain gauge
plate. The results showed that kinesthetic imagery of lower body movements, but
not of upper body movements, had clear effects on postural parameters (sway path
length and frequency contents of sway). Visual imagery, in contrast, had no
reliable effects on postural activity. We also found that postural effects were
not affected by the vividness of imagery. The results suggest that during
kinesthetic motor imagery participants partially simulated (re-activated) the
imagined movements, leading to unintentional postural adjustments. These
findings are consistent with an embodied cognition perspective on motor
imagery. 相似文献
16.
Embodiment theories emphasize the role played by sensory and motor processes in psychological states, such as social information processing. Motivated by this idea, we examined how whole-body postural behaviors couple to social affective cues, viz., pictures of smiling and angry faces. We adopted a Simon-like paradigm, whereby healthy female volunteers were asked to select and initiate a forward or backward step on a force plate in response to the gender of the poser (male/female), regardless of emotion. Detailed analysis of the spatiotemporal unfolding of the body center of pressure during the steps revealed that task-irrelevant emotion had no effect on the initiation times of the steps, i.e., there was no evidence of an affective Simon effect. An unexpected finding was that steps were initiated relatively slow in response to female angry faces. This Stroop-like effect suggests that postural behavior is influenced by whether certain stimulus features match or mismatch. 相似文献
17.
Similar effects have been reported for diverting attention from postural control and increased anxiety on the characteristics of center-of-pressure (COP) time series (decreased excursions and elevated mean power frequency). These effects have also received similar interpretations in terms of increased postural stiffness, suggesting that cognitive and affective manipulations have similar influences on postural control. The present experiment tested this hypothesis by comparing postural conditions involving manipulations of attention (diverting attention from posture using cognitive and motor dual tasks) and anxiety (standing at a height), and by complementing posturography with electromyographic analyses to directly examine neuromuscular stiffness control. Affective and cognitive manipulations had markedly different effects. Unlike the height condition, diverting attention from balance induced smaller COP amplitudes and higher sway frequencies. In addition, more regular COP trajectories (lower sample entropy) were found in the height condition than the dual-task conditions, suggesting elevated attentional investment in posture under the affective manipulation. Finally, based on an analysis of the cross-correlation function between anterior-posterior COP time series and enveloped calf muscle activity, indications of tighter anticipatory neuromuscular control of posture were found for the height condition only. Our data suggest that affective and cognitive perturbations have qualitatively different effects on postural control, and thus are likely to be associated with different control processes, as evidenced by differences in neuromuscular regulation and attentional investment in posture. 相似文献