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171.
172.
Testing and Training Analogical Responding in Young Children Using A Relational Evaluation Procedure
The Psychological Record - Analogical responding, or relating relations, as operationally defined by relational frame theory (RFT), is ubiquitous in everyday language and cognition, and is a key... 相似文献
173.
Brooks B Gump Jacki Reihman Paul Stewart Ed Lonky Tom Darvill Karen A Matthews 《Health psychology》2007,26(3):296-304
OBJECTIVE: A number of studies have shown an association between socioeconomic status (SES) and cardiovascular reactivity to acute stress. In addition, the authors recently reported that higher early childhood blood lead (Pb) levels are associated with significantly greater total peripheral (vascular) resistance (TPR) responses to acute stress. It is not known whether the SES-TPR association is mediated by underlying differences in blood lead levels. DESIGN: Participants were 9.5-year-old children (N=122) with established early childhood blood lead levels. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Family SES was measured using the Hollingshead Index, blood lead levels were abstracted from pediatrician and state records, and children's cardiovascular responses to acute stressors were measured in the laboratory with impedance cardiography and an automated blood pressure monitor. RESULTS: Lower family SES was shown to be associated with significantly higher blood lead levels as well as significantly heightened systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and TPR responses to acute stress tasks. A mediational analysis confirmed that Pb was a significant mediator of the SES-TPR reactivity association; some evidence also suggested moderation. CONCLUSION: These results suggest the importance of considering the chemical environment as well as social and psychological environment when evaluating cardiovascular effects of low SES. 相似文献
174.
This study examined 1,361 Chinese adolescents who reported self-injurious behaviors. Groups A and B both acknowledged deliberate self-injury, but only Group A had made a suicide attempt. Group C reported accidental self-injury. Deliberate self-injurers (Groups A and B) were more frequently girls, older, and with more suicidal ideation. Group A had more psychopathology, environmental and suicide-related risk factors than group B and C. Group C had higher depressive symptoms than noninjured controls. The study clarifies differences among self-injurious behavior groups based on expressed deliberate self-injury and self-reported suicide attempt. These three groups appear to present a continuum of risk. 相似文献
175.
An integrative typology of personality assessment for aggression: implications for predicting counterproductive workplace behavior 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Bing MN Stewart SM Davison HK Green PD McIntyre MD James LR 《The Journal of applied psychology》2007,92(3):722-744
This study presents an integrative typology of personality assessment for aggression. In this typology, self-report and conditional reasoning (L. R. James, 1998) methodologies are used to assess 2 separate, yet often congruent, components of aggressive personalities. Specifically, self-report is used to assess explicit components of aggressive tendencies, such as self-perceived aggression, whereas conditional reasoning is used to assess implicit components, in particular, the unconscious biases in reasoning that are used to justify aggressive acts. These 2 separate components are then integrated to form a new theoretical typology of personality assessment for aggression. Empirical tests of the typology were subsequently conducted using data gathered across 3 samples in laboratory and field settings and reveal that explicit and implicit components of aggression can interact in the prediction of counterproductive, deviant, and prosocial behaviors. These empirical tests also reveal that when either the self-report or conditional reasoning methodology is used in isolation, the resulting assessment of aggression may be incomplete. Implications for personnel selection, team composition, and executive coaching are discussed. 相似文献
176.
177.
Siu-kuen Azor Hui Rex A. Wright Christopher C. Stewart Angel Simmons Bradley Eaton R. Nicholas Nolte 《Motivation and emotion》2009,33(4):419-434
Female undergraduates were assigned to one of three groups, two involving regulatory training and one not. Training participants
performed for 2 weeks tasks that required strong behavioral restraint (Strong Training) or weak behavioral restraint (Weak
Training). Later, they took part in (1) a laboratory session in which they performed tasks with inhibitory components, and
(2) a follow-up week in which they provided health behavior reports and used designated dental supplies. No Training participants
took part only in the session and follow-up week. As expected, laboratory performance was improved for Strong- relative to
No Training participants, with performance for Weak Training participants falling in between. Also as expected, Strong Training
participants used more floss in the follow-up week than did the No Training participants, with floss for Weak Training participants
falling between. Contrary to expectation, Strong Training participants used less toothpaste and reported having brushed less
than the No Training participants. In addition, Strong Training participants evinced exaggerated—rather than diminished—cardiovascular
responses during the laboratory tasks. The performance and floss use data support the suggestion that inhibitory system strength
can be increased through use. The brushing and cardiovascular findings may be interpretable in inhibitory strength terms. 相似文献
178.
This article examines efficiency issues pertaining to social marketing messages about behavior enactment (e.g., smoker) vs. non-enactment (e.g., nonsmoker). Building on a wealth of psycholinguistics research, we posit that underlying differences in the processing and storage of word concepts with affixal negations affect learning and memory for these concepts (i.e., associations with non-enactment concepts will be harder to learn and remember than associations with enactment concepts). Two experiments support our predictions, suggesting that messages about enactment will demonstrate superior efficiency. Implications of study findings are discussed in terms of possibilities for improving the efficiency of social marketing messages about non-enactment. 相似文献
179.
Steven K. Reader Lindsay M. Stewart James H. Johnson 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2009,16(2):148-160
The Disruptive Behavior Stress Inventory (DBSI) was developed to provide information related to the occurrence and severity
of stressors that result from having a child with ADHD. Data provided in the initial 2002 study by Johnson and Reader (Journal
of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 9, 51–62) provided good preliminary support for the reliability of the DBSI, as
well the ability of the scale scores to differentiate primary caregivers of children with and without a history of ADHD. The
present study was an attempt to replicate major findings of the 2002 study using an additional larger sample and extend it
by conducting item-level analyses to determine the degree to which individual DBSI items differentiate primary caregivers
of children with and without a history of ADHD. Results provided additional support for the reliability and validity of the
DBSI by replicating major findings from the 2002 study and further suggesting that a large majority of the 40 items individually
differentiate between primary caregivers of children with and without a history of ADHD. 相似文献
180.
For evenly spaced stimuli, a purely relative judgment account of unidimensional categorization performance is trivial: All
that is required is knowledge of the size of stimulus difference corresponding to the width of a category. For unevenly spaced
stimuli, long-term knowledge of the category structure is required. In the present article, we will argue that such knowledge
does not necessitate a direct, absolute mapping between (representations of ) stimulus magnitudes and category labels. We
will show that Stewart, Brown, and Chater’s (2005) relative judgment model can account for data from absolute identification
experiments with uneven stimulus spacing. 相似文献