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871.
The article describes an investigation into dialogues between native Swedish psychotherapists and refugee families. Dialogue is needed to establish the therapeutic alliance, which is ultimately important for healing, whether of individual sickness or family crisis. However the development of dialogue is hindered by cross-cultural and language barriers. We concentrate on one aspect of research originally presented in a Doctoral Thesis by the first author, asking how culture and power differences, together with their resettlement in a strange country, affected meetings with refugee families, and how these problems were overcome; language and the presence of an interpreter are not discussed. A multi-perspective methodology was used in the original research, combining text analysis, review of video-recordings by the participating therapists, and interviews with the families. All these forms of investigation are drawn on here, but particularly text analysis. Significant hindrances to dialogue turn out to be differences in cultural values between refugee and therapist, their different power positions, and the refugee’s weariness and distrust of meetings. Strategies to minimise power differences are an essential aspect of the Finnish open dialogue approach, which turns out to be particularly relevant to such refugee meetings. 相似文献
872.
Ebony Okafor Armeda Stevenson Wojciak Christine M. Helfrich 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2014,36(3):369-379
This paper seeks to expand on the supervision literature by exploring the experiences of five supervisors in training (SIT) as they navigate the transition from therapist to supervisor. Five key elements of the process of becoming a supervisor are highlighted; contracting, ethics, diversity, modalities, and troubleshooting. Each element is described in two parts: (1) information provided by current supervision literature and (2) by personal journal entries of SITs in an approved supervision course during their doctoral studies. The journal entries of the SITs describe the journey in forming their own supervision identity which included understanding how to include the five key elements in their own supervision with their supervisees. A postmodern approach was utilized to understand this process as well as shape the paper. The goal of this paper is to understand the experiences of supervisors who will shape the development of future therapists. 相似文献
873.
874.
Benzies K Tough S Edwards N Mychasiuk R Donnelly C 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(3):311-318
The development of preschool children of Aboriginal heritage is jeopardized by the inter-generational transmission of risk
that has created, and continues to create, social disadvantage. Early intervention programs are intended to mitigate the impact
of social disadvantage. Yet, evidence of the effectiveness of these programs for children of Aboriginal heritage is limited.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a two-generation, multi-cultural preschool program on 45 children
of Aboriginal heritage and their caregivers. We used a single-group, pretest (program intake)/posttest (program exit) design
with follow-up when the children were 7 years old. We used an observational measure of child receptive language (Peabody Picture
Vocabulary Test–III) and caregiver-reported measures of child development (Nipissing District Developmental Screen), risk
for child maltreatment (Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory; AAPI), parenting stress (Parenting Stress Index; PSI), self-esteem
(Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale; RSE), and life skills (Community Life Skills scale; CLS). Using paired t-tests we found statistically significant increases in child receptive language scores between intake and exit, and repeated-measures
ANOVA showed that these improvements were maintained up to age 7 years. For caregivers, Pearson’s correlations demonstrated
that risk for child maltreatment, parenting stress, self-esteem, and life skills were stable over time. Results of this study
suggest that children of Aboriginal heritage can benefit from participation in a two-generation, multi-cultural preschool
program. Their caregivers may have received greater benefit if issues of intergenerational transmission of the negative influences
of residential schools were addressed as part of programming. 相似文献
875.
The persistence of traditional monarchies in modern societies, which are otherwise characterized by democratic and egalitarian values, remains a paradox in the social sciences. In part this is attributable to the lack of psychological investigation into the relationship between subject and sovereign, and in particular the ways in which the political and social values of the citizenry shape understandings of a hereditary monarch's right to represent a national community. Adopting the qualitative analysis methods of discursive psychology and grounded theory, the current study examines vernacular accounts of nationhood and monarchy in England in both formalized conversational interviews (n = 60) and impromptu street interviews (n = 56). Focusing on accounts of Prince Charles's recent proposal to change the role of the monarch, from “Defender of the (Christian) Faith” to “Defender of Faiths,” those in favor treated it as a positive step towards reflecting a diverse (religious) community, bringing the monarchy into line with current concerns of pluralism and upholding values of personal choice and individual rights. Participants who rejected the proposed change in title construed it as antithetical to these values in terms of reflecting personal stake and interest, an abuse of power, or an imposition on other faiths. In all accounts, the prime concern was in safeguarding the political and social values of the citizenry. In conclusion it is argued that the study of subjects' relationship to the monarch, its function and legitimacy, can provide an opportunity to examine how values can characterize a national community and facilitate national diversity. 相似文献
876.
Vrshek-Schallhorn S Czarlinski J Mineka S Zinbarg RE Craske M 《Personality and individual differences》2011,50(8):1202-1207
Suicide is a leading cause of death among older adolescents and young adults; however, few studies have prospectively examined risk for suicidal ideation. The present study in older adolescents and young adults investigated whether two personality traits previously implicated in risk for suicidal ideation, neuroticism and extraversion, as well as certain aspects of interpersonal functioning, prospectively predicted endorsement of suicidal ideation during depressive episodes. Participants (n=117) are a subset of the Northwestern-UCLA Youth Emotion Project sample, which started with a group of high school juniors oversampled for high neuroticism. Baseline interpersonal functioning was measured using the Life Stress Interview. Baseline personality trait composite scores were created from multiple inventories. Depressive disorders and suicidal ideation were assessed at the baseline and three annual follow-up interviews using the SCID. Cox regression was employed to predict suicidal ideation during depressive episodes diagnosed at any follow-up interview. Results showed that baseline extraversion inversely predicts suicidal ideation in males only, and that baseline interpersonal problems in one's social circle, regardless of gender, predict suicidal ideation during depressive episodes. 相似文献
877.
Snacking while watching TV impairs food recall and promotes food intake on a later TV free test meal
Dolly Mittal Richard J. Stevenson Megan J. Oaten Laurie A. Miller 《Applied cognitive psychology》2011,25(6):871-877
Eating while viewing TV may impair memory of food intake and promote over‐consumption on a later meal. In Experiment 1, females ate a similar amount of snack–food either with or without TV. Later, participants who had snacked with TV ate more food on a TV‐free lunch and were less accurate in recalling their earlier snack–food intake. Experiment 2 explored whether the nature of the TV content might alter these effects. Using a similar design, females watched boring, sad or funny TV, or no‐TV at all. Relative to the no‐TV control, all TV while snacking conditions ate a similarly greater amount on the later TV‐free test lunch. Recall accuracy for the snack phase was also similarly poorer in all TV conditions. These findings suggest that eating with TV per se impacts on later food intake, and a mnemonic‐based explanation seems to be the best account for these findings. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
878.
The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis is thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of depression. In the study reported here, we tested the hypothesis that parenting behavior moderates the relation between parents' lifetime history of depression and their offspring's cortisol reactivity to a psychosocial stressor. We exposed 160 preschool-age children to stress-inducing laboratory tasks, during which we obtained four salivary cortisol samples. Parents completed clinical interviews and an observational parent-child interaction task. The results confirmed our hypothesis: The offspring who evidenced high and increasing cortisol levels were those whose parents had a history of depression and demonstrated hostility toward their child. This moderating effect was specific to offspring who were exposed to maternal depression during the first few years of life. As do findings in animals, results of this study underscore the importance of the early rearing environment in the intergenerational transmission of stress sensitivity. 相似文献
879.
Dieussaert K Verkerk S Gillard E Schaeken W 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2011,64(12):2352-2367
Under the assumption of the principle of cooperation (Grice, 1989), a statement such as "some eels are fish" is thought to be false since it contains less information than is considered sufficient. However, the statement is logically sound since the meaning of "some" is compatible with "all". Currently, the primary interpretation of such underinformative statements remains subject to debate. According to Levinson (2000), the pragmatic "some but not all" interpretation is the default interpretation, while others (e.g., Sperber & Wilson, 1995) argue that this pragmatic interpretation only comes to the fore when relevant within the context and is thus considered secondary to the logical "some and perhaps all" interpretation. In this study, three factors that may influence the answer pattern are studied: task load, working memory capacity, and repetition of the statements. In Experiment 1, we used a secondary task paradigm to manipulate the cognitive load under which a number of underinformative statements had to be judged. We observed that for participants with a rather limited working memory span it is harder to reach a pragmatic interpretation under cognitive load. In Experiment 2, we manipulated the repetition of the statements. We observed that with a higher number of filler statements, participants produced fewer consistent answer patterns. This study provides further evidence against the automaticity of the pragmatic interpretation: It shows that the pragmatic interpretation requires more cognitive effort than the logical interpretation and that increasing the number of filler statements inhibits the development of a response strategy. 相似文献
880.
Considering the implications of social exchange theory as a context for social role behavior, we tested relations between ethical leadership and both person- and task-focused organizational citizenship behavior and examined the roles played by employee gender and politics perceptions. Although social exchange theory predicts that ethical leadership is positively associated with citizenship, social role theory predicts that the nature of this relationship may vary on the basis of gender and politics perceptions. Results from data collected from 288 supervisor-subordinate dyads indicate that the pattern of male versus female employees' citizenship associated with ethical leadership depends significantly on their perceptions of politics. Implications for theory and practice are discussed. 相似文献