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241.
The purpose was to determine whether 5-year-old children could match the brightness of a light to the loudness of a sound, and whether the resulting cross-modality function resembled the power function produced by adults. Each of five children adjusted the voltage on a 15D-W lamp to make the apparent brightness appear equal to the loudness of a 500-Hz tone, which the E set to eight different levels. The results resembled those of five adults who performed the same task. 相似文献
242.
S. S. Stevens 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1968,3(3):223-228
When cross-modality matches were made between a 60-Hz vibration and such other continua as electric current through the finger, number, force of handgrip, and both binaural and monaural loudness, the exponent of the power function for vibration was found to be about 1.0 at 60 Hz. The dependence of the exponent on frequency has been studied in a series of intramodality matching experiments. The exponent appears to reach its largest value in the vicinity of 30 Hz and its lowest value in the vicinity of 250 Hz. The highest value is roughly twice the lowest value. Over the low-frequency range, there is a suggestive similarity between the power functions for vibration and those for auditory loudness. As a vibration sensor, the ear may behave much like the finger. 相似文献
243.
Jerome L. Schulman Bernard G. Suran Theodore M. Stevens Mary Jo Kupst 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1979,12(3):441-447
The biomotometer, an electronic device which simultaneously measures motor activity and provides auditory feedback, was used in combination with material reinforcers in an experiment to reduce children's activity level in a classroom setting. Subjects were nine boys and two girls, aged 9–13, from a day hospital program for emotionally disturbed children. After five baseline trials, each child had five contingent reinforcement trials in which he/she received feedback “beeps” from the biomotometer and was given toy or candy rewards after each trial in which activity fell at least 20% below mean baseline level. Then five noncontingent reinforcement trials were run in which children received rewards for wearing the apparatus without the feedback attachment. Results indicated that the intervention “package,” including instructions, feedback, and contingent reinforcement, was successful in all five trials for 8 of 11 children. Activity levels increased during the final noncontingent phase. 相似文献
244.
Digital filter techniques have been applied to the analysis of eye movement data. Methods were developed to calculate eye velocity and eye acceleration in real-time from an electronystag-mogram (ENG) signal that was recorded using a one-pole RC high-pass filter in the preamplifier. Nonrecursive, finite impulse-response digital filters were designed to remove the effects of the RC high-pass filter and calculate the first and second time derivatives of the ENG signal, as well as remove high-frequency noise. Applying these new techniques to the analysis of vestibular nystagmus enables estimation of the transfer characteristics of the vestibuloocular system. 相似文献
245.
Joseph C. Stevens 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1982,31(6):577-580
The spatial acuity of the skin, as measured by two-point and two-edge limens, depends on the temperature of the objects that are touched. Cooling and warming the objects caused a marked improvement (an average of 41% in six subjects) in the skin’s acuity relative to thermally neutral stimulation. This improvement seems to be closely related to earlier observations that warm and cold objects placed on the skin feel heavier than do thermally neutral objects. 相似文献
246.
Stevens AA Donegan NH Anderson M Goldman-Rakic PS Wexler BE 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2000,109(3):461-471
The authors reported that a subgroup of schizophrenic patients performed well on a tone serial position task but was impaired on an auditory word serial position task (Wexler, Stevens, Bowers, Cerniak, & Goldman-Rakic, 1998). This study assessed 30 schizophrenic and 32 controls (matched for comparable tone discrimination) on 4 versions of the verbal serial position tasks and 2 tone serial position tasks. Patients performed poorly on all verbal tasks but performed comparably to controls when tones served as stimuli. Proactive interference and visual presentation further compounded the verbal deficits. Deficits persisted with pronounceable nonword stimuli. These findings provide evidence of specific deficits in language-related processing, although the authors could not rule out the possibility that the differential effects that were observed between the tone and word tasks, and particularly among the verbal tasks, may result from differing discriminating power of the different tests. 相似文献
247.
Katharina Stevens 《Topoi》2016,35(2):375-383
When evaluating the arguer instead of the argument, we soon find ourselves confronted with a puzzling situation: what seems to be a virtue in one argumentative situation could very well be called a vice in another. This paper will present the idea that there are in fact two sets of virtues an arguer has to master—and with them four sometimes very different roles. 相似文献
248.
Stacy-Ann A. January Kristin Duppong Hurley Amy L. Stevens Krista Kutash Albert J. Duchnowski Neftali Pereda 《Journal of child and family studies》2016,25(3):836-844
Parents of children with emotional and behavioral needs frequently experience difficulty navigating community-based services for their child, as well as experience increased stress and parental strain. Peer-to-peer support programs are an emerging approach to assist these parents, and evidence suggests that they are effective in increasing parents’ perceptions of social support, self-efficacy, and well-being. However, these programs often focus on parents of youth with diagnosed mental health disorders, despite the potential benefit for parents of youth who are at-risk for significant emotional and behavioral problems. In the current study, we used a pre-post design to evaluate a community-based, peer-to-peer support prevention program delivered via telephone to parents (N = 139) of youth with emerging behavioral and emotional difficulties. We evaluated (1) whether the intervention was delivered as designed, (2) the pre- and post-intervention gains in social support and concrete support, and (3) whether parents’ level of participation in the intervention and program adherence predicted outcomes. Results indicated that the intervention was delivered as intended and resulted in increased parental perceived social support and concrete support over time. Furthermore, higher levels of parental participation and intervention adherence were associated with increases in perceived social support. Thus, findings suggest that it may be beneficial for parents of at-risk youth with significant emotional and behavioral difficulties to engage in a peer-to-peer phone support prevention program. 相似文献
249.
Tanya Wright Suzanne Stevens Peter W. Reed Trecia A. Wouldes 《Infant mental health journal》2020,41(6):770-782
Mother–Baby Unit research has focussed on maternal psychopathology over the course of an admission. Less is known about the baby's well-being, the shared relationship, or the mother's recovery. In an initial sample of 45 women, we describe discharge and post-discharge outcomes for maternal psychopathology (using maternal report and the Global Assessment of Function, GAF) and the mother–infant relationship (using the Child and Adult Relational Experimental Index, CARE Index). Three months post-discharge, one third of women described themselves as “completely recovered,” one third were experiencing significant deterioration and 17% were readmitted to inpatient care. Poorer GAF scores were associated with a clinical diagnosis of comorbid personality disorder, antenatal presence of the index illness, partner illicit substance use, maternal perception of her bond, infant social withdrawal, and child protection concern. Post-discharge, the mother–infant relationship results were concerning. Only 17% were regarded as adequate. Improvement was observed across this period in 56% but relational deterioration occurred for 35%. Maternal and relational outcomes were weakly correlated at discharge (r² = 0.29, p = 0.07) but this was lost post-discharge (r² = 0.03, p = 0.89). The shared relationship and infant mental health should both be targets for intervention; both during MBU admission, and post-discharge. 相似文献
250.
Offensive behaviors were exhibited by adult intact- and castrated-male Sprague-Dawley rats introduced into established home-cages of male conspecifics. Implications of this result for Adams' [1976] model of intraspecific fighting are presented. 相似文献