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The nature of employer-employee relationships is influenced by organizational and work unit values and expectations, including the ways members believe they should treat one another and how conflicts should be resolved. This study explored the perceptions of participants in a grievance peer review process. Employees of a health care organization with a recently established peer review grievance process were interviewed about their views of organizational and unit values and expectations, and their experiences with this type of grievance process. Comparisons across groups of grievants, managers, and grievance panel members were discussed.The authors have received consent to discuss this case from the health care organization in which this study was conducted. The authors would like to thank the members of this organization for their cooperation and extraordinary responsiveness that made this research possible, and Julie Rousos Timmons for her valuable help on the fieldwork. 相似文献
984.
Adults with developmental disabilities who display behavior disorders repressent some of our field's biggest challenges. Those who provide direct support for such individuals are sometimes frightened and often frustrated by the occurrence of these behaviors parrticularly if neither they nor the agencies for whom they work have been successful in alleviating them. Under such circumstances the agency may secure the services of a consultant. At such times the consultant may find it diffcult to obtain information [from which to generate plausible hypothese and design interventionl plans] that is not unduly influenced by the emotions of the moment. This article describes a stop-gap system that can be used under such circumstsances to gather and analyze valuable longitudinal behavioual ecological data. The basic assumptions and strategies of this system are explained and illustrated through three case studies. 相似文献
985.
Ten years ago, self-injurious behavior that produced blindness in a man with profound mental retardation was treated through behavioral intervention. This person's behavioral history was reviewed for 12 years prior to the intervention through examination of his clinical record and for 10 years following the intervention through examination of his clinical record, direct observation, and interviews with staff. Physical injury occurred only once in the last 46 months; physical restraint has not been used in 10 years; and for the past 9 years, no more than one medication has been prescribed for the control of behavior or seizures. Suggestions are presented for designing behavioral interventions at the beginning of treatment to maintain reductions in behavior. 相似文献
986.
Subjects were presented with an easy or moderately difficult memorization task and told they could earn either a very low or very high chance of obtaining a modest prize if they did well. A measure of goal attractiveness was taken during an interval immediately preceding the task performance period. As expected, anticipatory goal attractiveness ratings were higher in the moderately difficult condition than in the easy condition when the probability of goal attainment (given success) was high, but were low in both task conditions when the probability of goal attainment (given success) was low. Results are discussed in terms of Brehm's recent theory of motivation. 相似文献
987.
Some notes on the nature of methodological indeterminacy 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper is an attempt to extend the meaning of the concept of indeterminacy for the human sciences. The authors do this by coining the term methodological indeterminacy and arguing that indeterminacy is better understood when linked to specific methodological techniques. Paradoxically, while specific research techniques demonstrate that the issue of indeterminacy is complex, yielding the possibility of types and degrees, it does not eliminate the problem of translation first raised by Quine. However, the authors go on to argue that, from a research perspective, indeterminacy can and must be approached in such a way that it is possible to reduce cases of it, even though never completely eliminating it in the human sciences. 相似文献
988.
Two potential limitations of research on the attributional model of depression lie in relatively untested assumptions concerning the lack of sex differences in the attributional style-depression relationship and the linearity of the relationship across levels of depression. We tested these assumptions, finding no sex differences and an essentially linear relationship. Implications of these results for research on the attributional model of depression are discussed. 相似文献
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990.
Emily Barrett Lee Kannis-Dymand Steven Love Juan Ramos-Cejudo Geoff P. Lovell 《Applied cognitive psychology》2023,37(1):200-211
This study investigated the relationship between sport related metacognitions with state anxiety dimensions, and compared how sporting categories affected these variables, among an online sample of athletes (N = 187). A MANOVA revealed there were significant differences between sporting types in metacognitive beliefs relating to the utility of rumination and arousal, the need to control thoughts, and levels of somatic anxiety. Correlations and multiple regressions showed that that in contrast to the relationships with self-confidence, cognitive and somatic state anxiety were positively associated with specific dysfunctional metacognitive beliefs, but negatively related to metacognitive processes. Overall, these findings highlight that: (a) athletes might adopt metacognitions to meet the different cognitive demands of sport types; and (b) metacognitions are in part responsible for the occurrence of state anxiety and self-confidence during competitions. The findings of this study have implications toward how researchers and sports practitioners approach the comprehensive nature of competitive anxiety. 相似文献