THE RESCUE DEFENCE OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT

Many political philosophers today think of justice as fundamentally about fairness, while those who defend capital punishment typically hold that justice is fundamentally about desert. In this paper I show that justice as fairness calls for capital punishment because the continued existence of murderers increases unfairness between themselves and their victims, increasing the harm to murdered persons. Rescuing murdered persons from increasing harm is prima facie morally required, and so capital punishment is a prima facie duty of society and sentencing judges. 1     

Solitaire

Dancing In the Flames: The Dark Goddess in the Transformation of Consciousness. 1996. By Marion Woodman and Elinor Dickson. Boston: Shambala.

Urgings of the Heart: A Spirituality of Integration. 1995. By Wilkie Au and Noreen Cannon Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press

Cast the First Stone: Ethics in Analytic Practice 1995. By Lena B. Ross and Manisha Roy Wilmette, IL: Chiron

Transforming Sexuality: The Archetypal World of Anima and Animus 1994. By Ann and Barry Ulanov Boston: Shambala

Fate, Love, and Ecstasy: Wisdom from the Lesser-Known Goddesses of the Greeks 1995. By John A. Sanford Wilmette, IL: Chiron

Jungian Perspectives on Clinical Supervision 1995. Edited by Paul Kugler Switzerland: Daimon

Synchronicity, Science and Soul-Making: Understanding Jungian Synchronicity through Physics, Buddhism, and Philosophy 1995. By Victor Mansfield Chicago: Open Court     

Mood and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Effects of Positive Affect on Employee Organizational Citizenship Behavior Intentions

This study, involving 139 employees from a variety of industries, organizations, and positions in Singapore, measured the effects of mood on the intentions of employees to contribute actions that are organizationally desirable but are not part of their formal job requirements (organizational citizenship behavior). After effects of established patterns of historical organizational citizenship behavior, demographic characteristics, and employee positive and negative affectivity had been controlled, stepwise regression analysis revealed that the amount of positive affect currently experienced by an employee significantly influenced the employee's intention to perform specific acts of organizational citizenship.     

Reminiscence bump in memory for public events

People tend to recall more personal events from adolescence and early adulthood than from other lifetime periods. Most evidence suggests that differential encoding causes this reminiscence bump. However, the question why personal events are encoded better in those periods is still unanswered. To shed more light on this discussion, we examined memory for public events. Since it is often impossible to ascertain that queried events are equally difficult, we circumvented the issue of equivalence by calculating deviation scores for each trial. We found that participants more frequently answered questions correctly about events that occurred in the period in which they were between 10 and 25 years old. Furthermore, we found that the reminiscence bump was more pronounced for cued recall than for recognition. We argue that these results support the biological account that events are stored better, because the memory system is working more efficiently during adolescence and early adulthood. These results do not falsify the other accounts for differential encoding, because they are not mutually exclusive.     

Gaze Patterns in a Steering-Into-Lane Task on a Straight Road: The Effect of Driving Speed,Lane, and Expertise

The tau-dot hypothesis states that when tau-dot greater than or equal to -0.5, impact will be soft; when tau-dot < -0.5, impact will be "hard." Four experiments tested the usefulness of tau-dot for observers of collisions between 2 objects (rather than collisions between the observer and an object). Observers watched collisions depicted on a computer as 1 object approaching another. Results conformed to the tau-dot hypothesis and were consistent with previous research wherein observers watched collisions as participants. Results suggest that the information specifying collision severity is the rate of the relative rate of optical variation, a quantity that remains invariant over differing collision path trajectories and over differing perceivers (i.e., spectators or participants, viewing from different vantage points, moving or stationary).     

Examining Compulsive Sexual Behavior and Psychopathology Among a Sample of Postdeployment U.S. Male and Female Military Veterans

Compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) is defined as difficulties in controlling inappropriate or excessive sexual fantasies, urges, or behaviors that cause subjective distress or impairment in important areas of daily functioning. Using data from a baseline telephone interview, we examined the prevalence of CSB in a convenience sample of 820 postdeployed U.S. military male and female veterans and investigated correlates of CSB with sociodemographics and other mental health and sexual history characteristics. More men (13.8%) than women (4.3%) endorsed CSB-related symptoms. Given the limited sample size of women reporting CSB, correlational analyses were conducted only with men. After adjusting for significant sociodemographics, results indicated that gambling, suicidality, and sexually transmitted infections were significantly associated with male CSB. Current results suggest that CSB may be prevalent among U.S. military veterans post deployment and associated with significant negative health indices in men. CSB warrants attention regarding screening and intervention.     

The impact of mothers' trait anxiety on their expectations of approach‐avoidance behaviour in anxious and non‐anxious children

This study investigated estimates of approach and avoidance behaviour in clinically anxious and non‐anxious children, and whether mothers' expectations of their children's avoidance differed as a function of high trait anxiety (HTA) versus low trait anxiety (LTA). Participants were 62 clinically anxious and 60 non‐anxious children aged 7–12 years and their mothers. Estimates of avoidance were obtained using an analogue task in which children and mothers were given threat and pleasant information about two novel animals and were asked to estimate children's avoidance of the threat animal's habitat when the threat animal was present (threat condition) and absent (safe condition) from the habitat and when its presence was uncertain (ambiguous condition). Contrary to expectation, anxious children did not differ from controls in estimates of avoidance in any condition. However, relative to HTA mothers of anxious children and LTA mothers of non‐anxious children, HTA mothers estimated greater approach behaviour by their non‐anxious children in the threat condition. Findings suggest that mothers' expectations of children's approach‐avoidance behaviour is influenced by both maternal and child factors.