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171.
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In this study the onset and offset times of seven types of accessory facial movements during oral and silent prolongations were described in three severe stutterers. For each observed facial movement the onset and offset times were determined by means of slow motion analysis of video-recorded speech samples. For two of the three subjects significant differences in the onset and offset times at the various facial movements were found; however, no consistent patterns in the separate facial movements could be observed. On the contrary, the onset of most facial movements appeared to be located at the very start and their offset at the end of the stuttering moment. The implications of these findings with respect to the function of accessory facial movements in stuttering are discussed. 相似文献
174.
False recognition and perception without awareness 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jacoby and Whitehouse (1989) demonstrated that the probability of calling new test words "old" (i.e., false recognition) is biased by context words. When context words were briefly exposed and subjects were not informed of their presence, new words were called "old" more often if the context and test words were identical than if the context and test words were different. When the context words were presented at longer exposure durations and subjects were informed of their presence, the opposite pattern of results occurred. In Experiment 1, we replicated the critical qualitative difference across conditions reported by Jacoby and Whitehouse. In addition, the combined results of Experiments 2 and 3 demonstrated that the exposure duration of the context words, and not the instructions to the subjects, is the primary factor determining which pattern of false recognition occurs. However, in contrast with the findings of Jacoby and Whitehouse, both patterns of false recognition were associated with significant recognition memory for the context words. The latter finding presents problems for any interpretation of false recognition, which implies that the briefly exposed context words are perceived without awareness. 相似文献
175.
Steve Bradley 《British Journal of Guidance & Counselling》1992,20(1):90-107
A number of models of the placement function of the Careers Service are presented. Various hypotheses generated by the models are tested, using data collected from Careers Service records. Specifically, a multivariate analysis is performed to show which personal and social characteristics are associated with a higher probability of being submitted for a permanent vacancy. The implications of the analysis for the Careers Service are discussed. 相似文献
176.
Louis J. Kruger Steve Cohen David Marca Lucia Matthews 《Behavior research methods》1996,28(2):248-252
A hybrid training approach, composed of both computer-mediated communication on the Internet and face-to-face meetings, was implemented. The goals were to examine whether such an approach (1) could be used to extend traditional, short-term training, and (2) would be perceived as useful by the trainees. A central element of the approach was thelinchpin expert, a trainer who served as a communication bridge on the Internet between a team of trainers and a team of trainees. A coding system was developed to analyze the content of the Internet messages. Logistic regression analysis revealed that two types of content were related to the trainees’ perceptions that the messages enhanced their expertise in team problem solving: (1) outcome feedback given to a trainee about a specific activity, and (2) the sharing of conceptual information. The trainees perceived face-to-face and computer-mediated communications with the linchpin expert as being important to their development of expertise. 相似文献
177.
178.
Steve Spaccarelli 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1995,23(6):703-727
The validity of two measures assessing degree of stress associated with child sexual abuse was examined in a sample of 48 girls who had been sexually abused. The Checklist of Sexual Abuse and Related Stressors (C-SARS) assessed negative life events that were part of or were related to the abuse, and the Negative Appraisals of Sexual Abuse Scale (NASAS) assessed negative cognitive appraisals of threat, harm, or loss associated with the abuse. Total scores for victim reports of both stressful events and negative appraisals were positively and significantly related to two other measures of abuse severity: therapist ratings of abuse stress and the number of types of sexual abuse reported. Stressful event scores were also related to aggressive behavior problems, sexual concerns, and total symptom scores on the Child Behavior Checklist. Negative cognitive appraisal scores were related to victims' self-reports of depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms, and to parent reports of child depression and total symptoms. Regression analyses indicated that there were significant effects of negative appraisals on internalizing symptoms when controlling for the level of stressful events experienced. The results suggest that negative life events and negative appraisals associated with sexual abuse are valid constructs that help account for variability in mental health outcomes among child victims. The implications of these results and future research directions in examining variable outcomes among sexual abuse victims are discussed. 相似文献
179.
Steve de Shazer 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1997,19(1):133-141
Drawing on the work of Ludwig Wittgenstein and his own experience as a therapist and educator/trainer, the author describes some of the issues involved in helping therapists to find their way out of various muddles and mazes that are deeply embedded in language. 相似文献
180.
This study was designed to investigate the differences between stutterers and normal speakers in phonatory and articulatory timing during the initiation of fluent utterances of monosyllabic words. Electromyographic recordings of four articulatory muscles and recordings of glottal vibrations were made of repetitive utterances of a series of monosyllabic words by 15 stutterers and 17 nonstutterers. These data were analyzed in terms of average interval times between voice onset and onset of EMG activity and between onset of EMG activity in each articulator and in terms of the intrasubject variability of these durational measures. Results showed that there were no significant differences between stutterers and nonstutterers in average interval times and that stutterers, in general, were significantly more variable in their speech onset timing. Findings are discussed in terms of recent hypotheses concerning the role of timing disturbances as the main source of speech disruption in stutterers. 相似文献