Evidence against independent processing of black and white pattern features

Following adaptation to a rectangular grating, subjects observed a shift in the perceived duty cycle of a test grating (Burton, Nagshineh, & Ruddock, 1977; DeValois, 1977). This suggests that size information about black and white pattern components may be analyzed independently. We have tested this hypothesis by combining adaptation to a 2-cpd rectangular wave grating (narrow white bars and wide black bars or vice versa) with adaptation to a 4-cpd sine wave (narrow white and black bars. The data do not support the independent analysis of white and black components, but they may be accounted for by mechanisms sensitive to the relative phase relations among the spatial frequency components of the input.     

Fear of success revisited: Introducing an ambiguous cue

One criticism of Horner's fear-of-success (FOS) research concerns the fact that she defined success (being number 1 in a medical school class) for her subjects. Two aims of the present investigation were to (a) reinstate the traditional ambiguity of the projective verbal lead: “Anne (John) has succeeded,” and (b) determine the amount of FOS imagery projected by 64 male and 79 female college students to these leads. The low incidence of FOS in this present study was attributed to the opportunity subjects were given to define success for themselves. There were no significant differences in the amount of FOS projected by men and women. School-related success was the most often cited success theme. Results were supportive of the hypothesis that FOS is situationally determined.     

Training for Crisis Counselling

Crisis counselling, whilst closely related to long-term counselling, involves a variety of processes and procedures which make it a distinctive counselling form. The implications of this distinctiveness for counsellor training and education are examined. These implications are highlighted in a case-study of the training of Samaritans.     

The use of family myths as an aid to strategic therapy

The concept of family myth can be used by the therapist to help organize the wealth of information provided by a family in therapy. Rituals, symbols and metaphors can be viewed as structurally related components within the family myth system which enable the therapist to interpret non-literal, analogic communications as a coherent yet primarily symbolic, narrative about the family's shared perceptions of its functioning. The concept of myth is explored in relation to mythology, the family therapy literature, and a case study. Several strategic intervention strategies are proposed which utilize the family's own metaphors, symbols and rituals to re-edit the family myth. Re-editing the myth on a symbolic level should be associated with improved system functioning, including more concrete areas of the family's life.     

Interpersonal Reactions to Depression and Physical Disablllty In Dyadic Interactions1

Examined the interpersonal responses of persons engaged in dyadic interactions with confederates who enacted either depressed or socially appropriate roles and appeared either with or without a physical disability. Subject negative evaluations of confederates were indirectly obtained from a thought-listing measure. The overt behaviors of subjects were surreptitiously recorded on videotape and measures of verbal and nonverbal behavior were acquired. Subjects spoke less to the depressed targets and had significantly higher rates of negative evaluations of these persons. In addition, subjects gazed less at the depressed confederates. These effects were not moderated by target physical appearance. Findings are discussed as they relate to social models of depression and the stigmatizing effects of disability.