THE EVOLVING MANAGER STEREOTYPE: THE EFFECTS OF INDUSTRY GENDER TYPING ON PERFORMANCE EXPECTATIONS FOR LEADERS AND THEIR TEAMS

This study examined how external evaluators' assessments of a management team and its leader are impacted by congruence between the leader's gender and the gender typing of the industry in which the team works. We experimentally tested our theory using industries that are either male typed or gender neutral, with teams led by male and female leaders. Results indicate that performance expectations for the team were more favorable when the leader's gender was congruent with the industry's gender typing, but expectations for the leader were not affected by gender congruence. These findings paradoxically suggest that evaluators form performance expectations for teams based upon individual characteristics of their leaders, even when these characteristics have no effect on the conscious assessments of the leaders themselves.     

Scientific deceit

Synthese - This paper argues for a novel account of deceitful scientific communication, as “wishful speaking”. This concept is of relevance both to philosophy of science and to...     

Do Geographic Regions with Higher Suicide Rates also have Higher Rates of Nonfatal Intentional Self‐Harm?

Fatal and nonfatal intentional self‐harm events in eight U.S. states were compared using emergency department, hospital, and vital statistics data. Nonfatal event rates increased by an estimated 24.20% over 6 years. Case fatality ratios varied widely, but two northeastern states' total event rates (fatal plus nonfatal) were very high (New Hampshire 206.5/100,000 person years; Massachusetts 166.7/100,000). Geographic context did not uniformly impact the likelihood of self‐harm across event types. The state‐level public health burden posed by such acts cannot, therefore, be accurately estimated from either mortality or morbidity data alone.     

Children with recently diagnosed diabetes: interactions within their families

Cross-sectional findings drawn from the first year of a 4-year longitudinal study of preadolescent and early adolescent insulin-dependent diabetics and their families are presented. Using direct observation techniques and a specially designed coding system, the family interactions of 56 families with a recently diagnosed diabetic child are compared with those of 49 families with a child of similar age and sex, who has had a recent, serious acute illness. The two samples are contrasted in terms of each family member's (mother, father, and child) enabling and constraining interactions, controlling for social class differences. The findings reveal that the diabetic children and their parents expressed significantly more enabling (e.g., focusing, problem solving, active understanding) speeches than comparable members of the acute illness group. In addition, there are indications of particular constraining interactions (devaluing) occurring between fathers and diabetic children. Several alternative interpretations are offered to account for these results, together with plans for future research directions to investigate these hypothesized explanations.