全文获取类型
收费全文 | 4953篇 |
免费 | 222篇 |
专业分类
5175篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 23篇 |
2021年 | 38篇 |
2020年 | 80篇 |
2019年 | 69篇 |
2018年 | 117篇 |
2017年 | 133篇 |
2016年 | 187篇 |
2015年 | 84篇 |
2014年 | 142篇 |
2013年 | 639篇 |
2012年 | 201篇 |
2011年 | 219篇 |
2010年 | 118篇 |
2009年 | 174篇 |
2008年 | 201篇 |
2007年 | 214篇 |
2006年 | 223篇 |
2005年 | 147篇 |
2004年 | 187篇 |
2003年 | 164篇 |
2002年 | 157篇 |
2001年 | 81篇 |
2000年 | 79篇 |
1999年 | 67篇 |
1998年 | 84篇 |
1997年 | 70篇 |
1996年 | 61篇 |
1995年 | 61篇 |
1994年 | 80篇 |
1993年 | 54篇 |
1992年 | 51篇 |
1991年 | 45篇 |
1990年 | 37篇 |
1989年 | 45篇 |
1988年 | 41篇 |
1987年 | 48篇 |
1986年 | 34篇 |
1985年 | 54篇 |
1984年 | 51篇 |
1983年 | 38篇 |
1982年 | 62篇 |
1981年 | 51篇 |
1980年 | 42篇 |
1979年 | 38篇 |
1978年 | 52篇 |
1977年 | 55篇 |
1976年 | 51篇 |
1975年 | 44篇 |
1974年 | 36篇 |
1973年 | 29篇 |
排序方式: 共有5175条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
891.
A method is presented for marginal maximum likelihood estimation of the nonlinear random coefficient model when the response
function has some linear parameters. This is done by writing the marginal distribution of the repeated measures as a conditional
distribution of the response given the nonlinear random effects. The resulting distribution then requires an integral equation
that is of dimension equal to the number of nonlinear terms. For nonlinear functions that have linear coefficients, the improvement
in computational speed and accuracy using the new algorithm can be dramatic. An illustration of the method with repeated measures
data from a learning experiment is presented. 相似文献
892.
Stephen Maitzen 《International Journal for Philosophy of Religion》2009,65(2):93-103
Skeptical theism claims that the probability of a perfect God’s existence isn’t at all reduced by our failure to see how such
a God could allow the horrific suffering that occurs in our world. Given our finite grasp of the realm of value, skeptical
theists argue, it shouldn’t surprise us that we fail to see the reasons that justify God in allowing such suffering, and thus
our failure to see those reasons is no evidence against God’s existence or perfection. Critics object that skeptical theism
implies a degree of moral skepticism that even skeptical theists will find objectionable and that it undermines moral obligations
that even skeptical theists will want to preserve. I discuss a version of the first objection and defend a version of the
second. 相似文献
893.
894.
A Bayesian nonparametric model is introduced for score equating. It is applicable to all major equating designs, and has advantages
over previous equating models. Unlike the previous models, the Bayesian model accounts for positive dependence between distributions
of scores from two tests. The Bayesian model and the previous equating models are compared through the analysis of data sets
famous in the equating literature. Also, the classical percentile-rank, linear, and mean equating models are each proven to
be a special case of a Bayesian model under a highly-informative choice of prior distribution. 相似文献
895.
This research used a survey design (N = 227) to investigate Scottish people's support or opposition to independence from Britain. It was hypothesised that political attitudes towards supra‐national bodies are not a direct function of the degree of ingroup (Scottish) identification, but are moderated by the extent to which the expression of ingroup identity is seen as being undermined within the larger entity. This feeling of identity undermining is assumed to arise from perceptions of incompatibility with the outgroup and ingroup powerlessness within the common group. The results provided support for these hypotheses. Only for those participants who had high feelings of identity undermining did identification lead to stronger separatist attitudes. Moreover, incompatibility with the outgroup and ingroup powerlessness predicted feelings of identity undermining while this latter mediated their impact on attitudes to being part of Britain. These findings underline the importance of taking into account (a) the contents ascribed to identities and their relations, and (b) the practical ability to pursue a way of live based on these contents in order to understand the way identity processes shape attitudes towards superordinate groups. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
896.
In the occlusion illusion, the visible portion of a partly occluded object appears larger than a physically identical nonoccluded region. Stereoscopic displays allowed for a direct test of the apparent-distance hypothesis. In Experiments 1A and 1B, we measured both the perceived size and the perceived depth of partly occluded targets when the binocular disparity of both targets and occluders was varied. Stereoscopic occlusion greatly increased perceived target size but not perceived target distance. A reduced illusion was still present when the target was stereoscopically in front of the abutting rectangle, however. Experiments 2A and 2B showed similar results, even when the occluding figures were illusory rectangles that formed no explicit T-junctions. Experiment 3 showed that an unexpected negative size illusion on control trials was primarily due to adaptation to the occlusion illusion on other trials. The present findings eliminate apparent-distance explanations of the occlusion illusion but are consistent with other hypotheses, such as partial modal completion and selective dimensional expansion. 相似文献
897.
Iris Blandón‐Gitlin Kathy Pezdek D. Stephen Lindsay Lisa Hagen 《Applied cognitive psychology》2009,23(7):901-917
Worldwide, the criteria‐based content analysis (CBCA) is probably the most widely used veracity assessment technique for discriminating between accounts of true and fabricated events. In this study, two experiments examined the effectiveness of the CBCA for discriminating between accounts of true events and suggested events believed to be true. In Experiment 1, CBCA‐trained judges evaluated participants' accounts of true and suggestively planted childhood events. In Experiment 2, judges analysed accounts of recent events that were experimentally manipulated to be a (a) true experience, (b) false experience believed to be true and (c) deliberately fabricated experience. In both experiments CBCA scores were significantly higher for accounts of true events than suggested events. However, this difference was not significant for participants classified as experiencing ‘full’ memories for the suggested event. Self‐report memory measures supported the findings of the CBCA analyses. Taken together these results suggest that the CBCA discriminative power is greatly constrained. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
898.
Jamie S. Hughes Stephen Rice David Trafimow Krisstal Clayton 《Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour》2009,12(5):428-439
Automation is being used extensively in aviation, particularly in the aircrafts themselves. The airline industry benefits from automation because it often increases efficiency and performance. To date, automation research has focused largely on operator trust and reliance, while largely ignoring the role of affect and trust in shaping the attitudes of the novice consumer. In two studies, we found that participants rated a human pilot more favorably than an auto-pilot. However, attitudes toward the automated pilot were more favorable in a high priced compared to a low priced ticket condition, indicating that participants used price to infer quality. In Study 2, inducing positive affect increased ratings of an automated pilot. Path analyses provided additional evidence that perceptions of automation are largely influenced by feelings. 相似文献
899.
Our study examined the role of social identity processes in determining how individuals evaluate, deal with, and are affected by severe events of war. We reasoned that for those who experience such events collectively and who identify strongly with their group, primary appraisal will be filtered through the prism of social identity. In a sample of Kosovo Albanians who had survived the armed conflict in 1999, we found that those who were able to evaluate the war as affirming their group identity presented lower levels of depressive mood and anxiety and higher levels of self-efficacy. Furthermore, this process of war appraisal affected the process of secondary appraisal. Specifically, positive war appraisal increased availability of support from close others and reduced the importance of positive individual coping strategies in dealing with extreme events. Conversely, negative war appraisal reduced availability of support from close others and reduced the importance of negative coping strategies in dealing with extreme events. 相似文献
900.
ABSTRACT— We describe examples of institutional review board (IRB) actions that have delayed or thwarted research that could not conceivably be considered to pose more than minimal risk to participants. We propose three changes to improve the IRB process and reduce both human and financial costs. 相似文献