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101.
Stephen Hill 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》1995,8(2):88-112
The pace, shape and meaning of development are cultural phenomena—fundamentally driven by the meanings people ascribe to their
action, to the symbols they aspire to, and by the wider values contexts within which they are acting. However, people participating
within the development process continuously confront a tension between the assertion of the cultural meanings of the local
known social world and the assertion of the meanings of an idealized largely unknown social world that stretches beyond immediate
experience, and that is particularly represented in commodity symbols and media images. Tension is therefore between indigenization
or globalization. The product, greater valence of indigenization or globalization, results from the alternative ways in which
tension between the two domains is resolved.
In the modern social world access to knowledge, as well as the impact of knowledge embodied within technological artifacts,
are key drivers in both the level of participation in development and the level of colonization of indigenized meanings by
globalized frameworks of understanding. The current paper therefore focuses on the role of knowledge within the interactions
between globalization and indigenization.
The paper demonstrates that the general trend of development during the last half of the twentieth century has driven cultural
change towards more globalized meanings and dependencies. The dynamics of technological access and change are centrally implicated.
However, new opportunities are opening up at both local indigenized levels and within modernizing sectors, and the essence
of these opportunities lies in capturing a cultural advantage. At the indigenous society level, a focus on capitalizing on
indigenous technical knowledge can have enormous payoffs in terms of economic development outcomes. Meanwhile, a focus on
linking local with modernizing sectors through bridging technologies and knowledge across indigenous and global cultures allows
indigenous cultures to share in the economic benefits of modernization. And finally, a new wave of change is emerging in the
modernized sector itself, opening up quite new opportunities for “small players”—whether they be small firms or small countries.
The opportunities are set within change in the global orders of technology and science over the last five to ten years. What
matters is the ability of these small players to be highly responsive, to capture knowledge flows through both technical and
social capabilities of their people; in other words, global advantage follows from capture of local cultural strength.
Stephen Hill is foundation director for the Center for Research Policy, located at the University of Wollongong, and established
as a special research center of the Australian Research Council. More recently, he was appointed Regional Director of UNESCO
for South East Asia and the Pacific. Professor Hill will assume his new appointment in June, 1995. 相似文献
102.
A methodology for the quantitative evaluation of observed workload was proposed. The model was designed to provide point estimations of observed workload at any time during the performance of a set of tasks. The model was also designed to provide information about the task-scheduling strategies used to complete a set of tasks. The proposed model was then tested with data from a full mission flight simulation. The model predictions correlated significantly with expert ratings of workload management made during the flight simulation. The model was also able to distinguish between low- and high-performing aircrews when performance was based on the number of errors made during flight simulations. 相似文献
103.
104.
Robert F. Belli D. Stephen Lindsay Maria S. Gales Thomas T. McCarthy 《Memory & cognition》1994,22(1):40-54
The four experiments reported here provide evidence that (1) misleading postevent suggestions can impair memory for details in a witnessed event and (2) subjects sometimes remember sug-gested details as things seen in the event itself. All four experiments used recall tests in which subjects were warned of the possibility that the postevent information included misleading sug-gestions and were instructed to report both what they witnessed in the event and what was men-tioned in the postevent narrative. Recall of event details was poorer on misled items than on control items, and subjects sometimes misidentified the sources of their recollections. Our re-sults suggest that these findings are not due to guessing or response biases, but rather reflect genuine memory impairment and source monitoring confusions. 相似文献
105.
Is the size of a semantic-priming effect a function of the strength of the semantic context? This issue was examined in four studies using a single categorically related prime as the weaker context and four categorically related primes as the stronger context. Results indicate that, independently of prime-target SOA, four primes provide a larger priming effect than a single prime in a lexical-decision task, but not in a naming task. These data provide further support for the argument that different mechanisms mediate priming in the two tasks. In particular, only the lexical-decision task appears to be susceptible to higher-level processes that can be influenced by the number of primes. Priming in a naming task appears to be driven by more automatic processes. Possible accounts of this multiple-prime advantage in lexical-decision tasks are considered. 相似文献
106.
Stephen Harris 《Synthese》1994,99(3):329-343
A variant of the standard deductive tableau system is introduced, and interrogative rules are added, resulting in a so-called interrogative tableau system. A game-theoretical account of entailment is sketched, and the deductive tableau system is interpreted in these terms. Finally, it is shown how to extend this account of entailment into an account of interrogative entailment, thereby providing a semantics for the interrogative tableau system. 相似文献
107.
108.
Virginia Blankenship Stephen S. Schorie Angela J. Shaw Justin Tumlinson 《Behavior research methods》1994,26(2):128-133
Although the Rescorla-Wagner model is widely taught in learning courses, most textbooks present a simplified version that does not contain all of its parameters. On the basis of Rescorla and Wagner 1972) and the Turbo PASCAL program by Lachnit, Schneider, Lipp, and Kimme! (1988), we created a simulation using STELLA-II, an icon-based program by High Performance Systems, Inc. We argue that this simulation facilitates teaching the complete Rescorla-Wagner model. Using trans-switching (Kimmel & Ray, 1978; Lachnit, 1986; Murrin & Kimmel, 1986) as an example, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the STELLA-II version of the Rescorla-Wagner model as a heuristic tool. 相似文献
109.
A graphical analysis similar to that used by Hinton and Shallice (1991) was applied to the hair cells of a simulated auditory transducer. The graphical analysis made it apparent that there were hair cells that responded to a narrow range of frequencies, as would be predicted by the tonotopic organization of the real physiology. In short, this study demonstrates the efficacy of using graphic techniques to examine the nature of the autopoetic organization of the hidden layer of back-propagation networks. 相似文献
110.
Two experiments addressed the influences of harmonic relations, melody location, and relative frequency height on the perceptual organization of multivoiced music. In Experiment 1, listeners detected pitch changes in multivoiced piano music. Harmonically related pitch changes and those in the middle-frequency range were least noticeable. All pitch changes were noticeable in the high-frequency voice containing the melody (the most important voice), suggesting that melody can dominate harmonic relations. However, the presence of upper partials in the piano timbre used may have accounted for the harmonic effects. Experiment 2 employed pure sine tones, and replicated the effects of Experiment 1. In addition, the influence of the high-frequency melody on the noticeability of harmonically related pitches was lessened by the presence of a second melody. These findings suggest that harmonic, melodic, and relative frequency height relationships among voices interact in the perceptual organization of multivoiced music. 相似文献