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71.
Stepp SD 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2012,40(1):1-5
Recognizable symptoms and features of borderline personality disorder (BPD) appear during adolescence. However, there has
been resistance to diagnose or research this disorder prior to adulthood because of clinical lore that BPD is a long-standing
illness and that personality traits are not stable until adulthood. This has resulted in little information regarding the
development of and risk factors for BPD in youth. The goal of this special section is to examine the development of BPD in
adolescence and young adulthood using a broad collection of approaches, including a theoretical review paper, two prospective
studies, and a multi-method cross-sectional study. This body of work provides new insights into vulnerabilities that may transact
with early attachment relationships and experiences to predict the emergence of BPD in adolescence and young adulthood. These
papers also point to future research that is needed to better understand the etiology, development, and course of BPD. 相似文献
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Although labeling improves executive function (EF) performance in children older than 3 years, the results from studies with younger children have been equivocal. In the current study, we assessed performance in a computerized multistep multilocation search task with older 2-year-olds. The correct search location was either (a) not marked by a familiar picture or given a distinct label, (b) marked by a familiar picture but not given a distinct label, (c) marked by a familiar picture and labeled by the experimenter, or (d) marked by a familiar picture and labeled by the participant. The results revealed that accuracy improved across conditions such that children made the fewest errors when they generated the label for the hiding location. These findings support the hierarchical competing systems model, which postulates that improved performance can be explained by more powerful representations that guide search behavior. 相似文献
74.
Hunter PG Glenn Schellenberg E Stalinski SM 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2011,110(1):80-93
Adults and children 5, 8, and 11 years of age listened to short excerpts of unfamiliar music that sounded happy, scary, peaceful, or sad. Listeners initially rated how much they liked each excerpt. They subsequently made a forced-choice judgment about the emotion that each excerpt conveyed. Identification accuracy was higher for young girls than for young boys, but both genders reached adult-like levels by age 11. High-arousal emotions (happiness and fear) were better identified than low-arousal emotions (peacefulness and sadness), and this advantage was exaggerated among younger children. Whereas children of all ages preferred excerpts depicting high-arousal emotions, adults favored excerpts depicting positive emotions (happiness and peacefulness). A preference for positive emotions over negative emotions was also evident among females of all ages. As identification accuracy improved, liking for positively valenced music increased among 5- and 8-year-olds but decreased among 11-year-olds. 相似文献
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Crawford JT Jussim L Madon S Cain TR Stevens ST 《Personality & social psychology bulletin》2011,37(4):529-542
This article introduces the political person perception model, which identifies conditions under which perceivers rely on stereotypes (party membership), individuating information (issue position), or both in political person perception. Three studies supported the model's predictions. Study 1 showed that perceivers gave primacy to target information that was narrowly relevant to a judgment, whether that information was stereotypic or individuating. Study 2 found that perceivers relied exclusively on individuating information when it was narrowly relevant to the judgment and relied on both stereotype and individuating information when individuating information was not narrowly relevant to the judgment but did imply a political ideology. Study 3 replicated these findings in a more ecologically valid context and showed that people relied on party information in the absence of narrowly relevant policy positions and when individuating information did not imply a political ideology. Implications for political person perception and theories of stereotyping are discussed. 相似文献
77.
By 9-months infants are sensitive to native-language sound combinations. Our studies show that while younger infants discriminate clusters, they are not sensitive to differences in statistical frequency. Thus, the emergence of phonotactic knowledge is driven by experience with the frequency of occurrence of the sound combinations in one's language. 相似文献
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