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991.
There is increasing interest in applying interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to focus group data and in developing appropriate strategies for doing so. These strategies should exploit the unique features of focus groups, which provide a rich canvas of experiences not seen in individual interviews, while remaining true to the personal, phenomenological perspective of IPA. We present a four-stage approach with specific group focused analytical strategies: looking for “groupness,” clustering reoccurring group interactions, identifying interactional relationships, and incorporating group elements into an analysis. These stages are illustrated with worked examples developed while working with data from focus groups of women with gynaecological cancer discussing a yoga intervention, and explain how these can enrich our understanding of participants’ lived experiences. This approach demonstrates a suggested framework for developing IPA themes from focus group data by analysing and interpreting the group setting. We discuss links to psychological concepts, potential applications and limitations. This empirically based methodology is presented as a practical guide for other researchers grappling with this type of data. 相似文献
992.
The current study examines gender differences in affective responding of 58 men and 52 women to various forms of resolved and unresolved interpersonal disputes. The participants were predominantly Caucasians from middle to upper middle class socioeconomic backgrounds. Resolved disputes were perceived as less angry and more okay and happy, and unresolved disputes evoked more anger than resolved disputes did, with continued fighting evoking more anger than did lapsing into the silent treatment. Women reported feeling more angry than did men during both forms of unresolved disputes, and more happy during arguments ending with either apologies or compromises. Men perceived the actors as more sad and reported feeling more okay during arguments than did women. The results extend findings from the children's literature regarding the effect of resolution on emotional responding, and illustrate important gender differences for adults. 相似文献
993.
Children with persistent antisocial and aggressive behavior are diagnosed as having disruptive behavior disorder. The authors review evidence that antisocial children, and especially those who persist with this behavior as they grow older, have a range of neurobiological characteristics. It is argued that serotonergic functioning and stress-regulating mechanisms are important in explaining individual differences in antisocial behavior. Moreover, low fear of punishment and physiological underactivity may predispose antisocial individuals to seek out stimulation or take risks and may help to explain poor conditioning and socialization. The authors propose a theoretical model highlighting the interplay between neurobiological deficits and cognitive and emotional functioning as mediators of the link between early adversity and antisocial behavior problems in childhood. Implications for intervention programs are discussed. 相似文献
994.
The authors present an empirical review of the literature concerning trait and state goal orientation (GO). Three dimensions of GO were examined: learning, prove performance, and avoid performance along with presumed antecedents and proximal and distal consequences of these dimensions. Antecedent variables included cognitive ability, implicit theory of intelligence, need for achievement, self-esteem, general self-efficacy, and the Big Five personality characteristics. Proximal consequences included state GO, task-specific self-efficacy, self-set goal level, learning strategies, feedback seeking, and state anxiety. Distal consequences included learning, academic performance, task performance, and job performance. Generally speaking, learning GO was positively correlated, avoid performance GO was negatively correlated, and prove performance GO was uncorrelated with these variables. Consistent with theory, state GO tended to have stronger relationships with the distal consequences than did trait GO. Finally, using a meta-correlation matrix, the authors found that trait GO predicted job performance above and beyond cognitive ability and personality. These results demonstrate the value of GO to organizational researchers. 相似文献
995.
Lawrence Rebecca K. Edwards Mark Talipski Louisa A. Goodhew Stephanie C. 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2020,27(3):405-422
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - An important mechanism used to selectively process relevant information in the environment is spatial attention. One fundamental way in which spatial attention... 相似文献
996.
Emily Siegler Carly Stafford Yi Zhou Bradley T. Erford Stephanie A. Crockett 《Journal of Employment Counseling》2020,57(4):178-189
Articles published in the Journal of Employment Counseling from 2000 to 2019 were analyzed for trends over time related to author characteristics (i.e., domicile, gender, work setting, and leading contributors and institutions) and article content (i.e., typology, topical issues, research methodology, characteristics of participants, research design, statistics used, report of effect size and sample reliability and validity). 相似文献
997.
Gary D. Sherman Selen Türkay Samuel T. Moulton Michael C. Friedman Negeen Darani Brian Daly Stephanie Kayden 《European journal of social psychology》2020,50(4):733-748
We examined whether the generalized sense of power—the belief that one is able to influence others in one's various social relationships—serves as a psychological resource that enables leadership in high-stakes, unfamiliar group challenges, such as emergencies or crises. We studied current and prospective humanitarian aid professionals (N = 180) during a major field training exercise: a three-day, immersive simulated humanitarian crisis. Individuals who entered the simulated crisis with a greater sense of power in their social relationships experienced lower stress (anxiety), behaved more assertively, and left the simulation with a relatively heightened desire to lead, despite not being deemed better leaders by their teammates. Lacking an initial sense of power was associated with experiences (e.g., feeling timid) that undermined the desire to lead. These results suggest that the psychological sense of power is a key leadership resource, without which one may be at risk of self-selecting out of leadership. 相似文献
998.
Jocelyn L. Kuhn Sandra B. Vanegas Rod Salgado Stephanie K. Borjas Sandy Magaña Leann Smith DaWalt 《Family process》2020,59(2):477-491
During the transition to adulthood, effective and culturally relevant supports are critical for families of youth with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). There is a dearth of documented program development and research on supports for Spanish-speaking Latino families during this life stage. The present work describes the cultural adaptation process of an evidence-based transition program for Latino families of youth with ASD. A model of the actions necessary to meaningfully conduct a cultural adaptation in this context is described. After implementing the culturally adapted program titled Juntos en la Transición with five Spanish-speaking families, parents reported high social validity of the program through surveys and interviews. The cultural adaptation process followed in this work is important for the further development of programs that address the transition needs of Latino youth with ASD and their families. Our impressions may also be useful to those who aim to develop culturally sensitive and ecologically valid multifamily group intervention programs for families from cultural and linguistic minority groups. 相似文献
999.
L. Brent Hafen Rebecca S. Hulinsky Sara Ellis Simonsen Stephanie Wilder Nancy C. Rose 《Journal of genetic counseling》2009,18(4):395-400
In order to evaluate the utility of genetic counseling at the time of first trimester screening in patients with no previously
identified genetic concerns, we reviewed family history data for 700 women seen for genetic counseling in Utah during 2005-2006.
The mean maternal age was 35 years (Range: 16–47 years). The majority of patients seen were non-Jewish Caucasians (90.8%,
634/700). A three-generation pedigree was obtained from each woman by one of two certified genetic counselors and subsequently
classified as “negative” (no birth defects/genetic disorders); “positive” (birth defect or genetic condition with a minimal/low
risk of recurrence; additional evaluation/genetic testing during pregnancy not indicated); or “significant” (birth defect
or genetic condition with an increased risk of recurrence; additional evaluation/genetic testing during the pregnancy indicated).
About 72% (501/700) of the histories were negative, 19% (134/700) were positive, and about 9% (65/700) were significant. Among
patients with significant family histories, 66% (n = 43) were women less than 35 years of age. We conclude that assessing a patient’s family history at the time of first trimester
serum screening is a valuable resource for pregnancy management. 相似文献
1000.
Carolyn McNamara Barry Stephanie D. Madsen Larry J. Nelson Jason S. Carroll Sarah Badger 《Journal of Adult Development》2009,16(4):209-222
This study examined how emerging adults’ identity development and achievement of adulthood criteria were related to qualities
of their friendships and romantic relationships. Participants included 710 emerging adults (ages 18–26). Results indicated
that identity achievement was related positively to four romantic relationship qualities, but not to any friendship qualities.
Several achieved adulthood criteria were related positively to romantic relationship qualities; however, achieved adulthood
criteria were related negatively to friendship qualities. It appears that progress on salient developmental tasks of adulthood
carries important implications for emerging adults’ social relationships, but in ways that are more differentiated than commonly
assumed. 相似文献