Sexuality and cyberporn: Towards a new agenda for research

This article presents theoretical considerations based on cultural analysis approaches to studying pornography and sexuality as a means of starting to suggest a new agenda for cyberporn research. By bringing to the forefront concepts of how subjectivity and sexuality are produced within the computer/Internet apparatus, I hope to diversify the focus in cyberporn research away from social science approaches and pre-Foucaultian assumptions of the subject which obscure understandings of new media and cyberporn use. Through a summary of visual culture studies and reception studies of pornography, I argue that cyberporn must be understood as contingent within the encoding and decoding processes and discourses of sexuality (Foucault) in which it is produced and consumed. My focus here is the home office/terminal as the site of reception/cyberporn use. While there is potential for a great variety of cultural analytic approaches to the study of cyberporn and how new media use influences sexuality, I end with specific suggestions for researching cyberporn reception in the home. The computer’s allure is more than utilitarian or aesthetic; it is erotic. Instead of a refreshing play with surfaces, as with toys or amusements, our affair with information machines announces a symbiotic relationship and ultimately a mental marriage to technology. Rightly perceived, the atmosphere of cyberspace carries the scent that once surrounded Wisdom. The world rendered as pure information not only fascinates our eyes and minds, but also captures our hearts. We feel augmented and empowered. Our hearts beat in the machines. This is Eros. (Michael Heim, The Metaphysics of Virtual Reality)     

阅读马克思的三种方式

朴素式阅读把阅读仅仅视作一个直观地看和读的过程,似乎面对马克思的文本,无需任何理论和现实的中介,它不曾考虑过阅读本身,包括阅读者的知识储备和理论旨趣,所阅读文本的语言和风格,阅读的场景和节奏,等等。征候式阅读把阅读视作一种生产,关注文本中的空白、沉默和缺漏,认为能够看得见什么,看不见什么,不是由主体的视觉决定的。而是由问题结构决定的。互文式阅读面向未来,在文本与文本、科学与修辞、写实与象征之间自由跳跃,要求多角度的阅读和阐释,不断生发出新的意义。     

Measuring Chinese psychological well-being with Western developed instruments

We explored the possibility of applying 4 psychological scales developed and commonly used in the West to Chinese culture. The participants, 273 Chinese and 302 Americans, completed measures of self-esteem (Self-Esteem Scale; Rosenberg, 1965), depression (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale; Radloff, 1977), social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support; Zimet, Dahlem, Zimet, & Farley, 1988), and suicidal ideation (Scale for Suicide Ideation; Beck, Kovacs, & Weissman, 1979). All scales were found to be reliable and valid cross culturally. Comparative analyses suggest that gender differences on all 4 scales are smaller among the Chinese than the Americans. Americans were more likely to score higher on the socially desirable scales (self-esteem and social support) and lower on the socially undesirable scale (suicidal ideation). However, no cultural differences were found in this study on the measure of depression. Results suggest that, with a few considerations or potential modifications, the current measures could be used in Chinese culture.     

知识图式对贝叶斯推理的影响

选取具有概率知识的大学生(专家)和没有概率知识的大学生(新手)为被试,进行贝叶斯推理中的概率估计,探讨知识图式对贝叶斯推理的影响。结果表明,具有概率知识背景的大学生比没有概率知识背景的大学生概率估计的准确性更高,反应时更长,说明知识图式影响概率信息的搜索和判断。     

适应性测验的发展:历史与现状

适应性测验作为一种测验形式,与传统的纸笔测验形式相比,具有省时、高效等很多优越性。测验应该适合于被试的理念最初可见于比内的智力测验。上世纪七十年代以来,适应性测验的研究从经典测量理论阶段发展到项目反应理论阶段,经历了从二阶段、三阶段、多阶段测验、固定分支测验和分层适应性测验的发展,到现在的计算机化适应性测验研究。随着项目反应理论和计算机技术的发展,计算机化适应性测验已经在教育和心理测验领域中得到广泛应用。目前对它的研究日益深入,主要有项目克隆、项目曝光、多维适应性测验、被试诊断、人格适应性测验等问题。     

大学生知识价值观的实证研究

该研究从理论上界定了知识价值观及其基本成分(即知识价值目标、知识价值评价和知识价值手段)。运用设计的《大学生知识价值观调查表》,对2043名大学生进行了调查。结果显示,大学生在知识价值目标、知识价值评价和知识价值手段三方面都呈现出年级、性别和专业的差异。     

论中世纪西欧犹太社团的司法自治--以10-12世纪的法国和德国为例

中世纪时期,西欧各国的犹太社团虽游离于主流社会之外,没有任何政治权利,却享有广泛的自我管理权,其中司法自治是犹太自我管理权最重要的体现,这使得欧洲犹太社团的存在和犹太人的自我管理有了法律基础.同时,欧洲的非犹太人社会一般不干涉犹太人内部事务,无疑对于欧洲犹太社团的存在、发展、巩固起到了决定性作用,也是犹太文化和传统得以保存至今的一个重要原因.本文着重分析犹太社团司法自治的权利来源、犹太社团的立法机构及重大法规的影响和社团司法自治的原则,同时对犹太社团司法自治产生的深远影响进行阐释.     

农民合作社对村庄治理的影响——基于对吉林梨树县百信农民合作社的实证调查

通过对吉林省梨树县百信农民合作社的实地调查,笔者对农民合作的动因进行了分析,并对合作社的内部治理结构、组织功能和组织文化进行了相关研究。笔者认为,以经济关系联合起来的农民在成为合作社的社员以后,并没有改变其村民的身份,这就出现了一个主体两种身份的局面,势必会把合作社和村庄治理挂起钩来;合作社的发展会对以村民自治为核心的村庄治理产生一些示范效应,并可能对村庄体制内组织功能产生一些替代。     

Calculating and graphing within-subject confidence intervals for ANOVA

The psychological and statistical literature contains several proposals for calculating and plotting confidence intervals (CIs) for within-subjects (repeated measures) ANOVA designs. A key distinction is between intervals supporting inference about patterns of means (and differences between pairs of means, in particular) and those supporting inferences about individual means. In this report, it is argued that CIs for the former are best accomplished by adapting intervals proposed by Cousineau (Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 1, 42–45, 2005) and Morey (Tutorials in Quantitative Methods for Psychology, 4, 61–64, 2008) so that nonoverlapping CIs for individual means correspond to a confidence for their difference that does not include zero. CIs for the latter can be accomplished by fitting a multilevel model. In situations in which both types of inference are of interest, the use of a two-tiered CI is recommended. Free, open-source, cross-platform software for such interval estimates and plots (and for some common alternatives) is provided in the form of R functions for one-way within-subjects and two-way mixed ANOVA designs. These functions provide an easy-to-use solution to the difficult problem of calculating and displaying within-subjects CIs.