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411.
Jeffry H. Larson Mark Butler Stephan Wilson Nilufer Medora Scot Allgood 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1994,73(1):79-84
The authors investigated gender differences in psychological problems in the career decision making (CDM) process of young adults. Specifically, problems with decision anxiety, life-goal awareness, luck-fate orientation, authority orientation, and secondary gain motivation were investigated. Methodology involved administering the Career Decision Diagnostic Assessment (CDDA) instrument to 1,006 college students from four universities. Results indicated no gender differences in global levels of problems in CDM. Women reported more problems with life-goal awareness and authority orientation than did men. Men reported more problems with secondary gain motivations than did women. The results are discussed in terms of implications for gender-differentiated career counseling. 相似文献
412.
This articlereports three experiments that investigate the role ofcontext in repetition priming using a lexical decision task. The experiments show that repetition priming is either eliminated or significantly reduced if a change in context also alters the perceived sense of a nonhomographic target word. If perceived sense is not altered, a change in context is inconsequential. This points to the important role played by perceived sense in repetition priming. An explanation within a sense-specific activation framework is proposed in preference to a modified processing view. 相似文献
413.
We report the results of research investigating temperamental characteristics of children in the People's Republic of China and the US using a parent-report instrument, the Children's Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ), defining temperament as individual differences in emotional, motoric, and attentional reactivity and self-regulation. Subjects were 624 6- to 7-year-old children, from Shanghai and the north-western region of the US. The 15 CBQ scales were factored for both samples, employing a principal axis factor analysis with an oblique rotation. Our findings indicated considerable similarity of factor structure in the two cultures, obtaining three factors labelled Surgency, Negative Affect, and Attentional Self-Regulation or Effortful Control. Differences across cultures were also found, with Surgency and Effortful Control scores being relatively higher than Negative Affect in the US sample and Negative Affect being relatively higher than Surgency and Effortful Control in the Chinese sample. Gender differences were also found to vary across cultures. Our findings are congruent with a view of underlying cultural similarities in temperamental variability across these cultures, influenced over time by the children's culturally varied experience. 相似文献
414.
Stephan Lewandowsky Douglas J. Herrmann John T. Behrens Shu-Chen Li Linda Pickle Jared B. Jobe 《Applied cognitive psychology》1993,7(6):533-551
Two experiments observed performance on a cluster identification task across a variety of common statistical maps. Stimulus maps displayed mortality rates for several diseases and subjects had to identify regions of the map that were perceived to form a cluster of particularly high (or low) mortality. Subjects marked the perceived centroid of each cluster, and analyses focused on the dispersion of centroid location across subjects. Under these circumstances, monochrome classed choropleth maps were found to minimize dispersion, compared to a two opposing colours scheme, a dot density map, a pie map, and a categorical (hue-based) colour scheme. Maps using a familiar geographical unit (i. e. a U. S. state) supported better recall of the information than maps using less familiar and smaller geographical units. The results were found to be interpretable within current cognitive theory. 相似文献
415.
Pie and bar charts are commonly used to display percentage or proportional data, but professional data analysts have frowned on the use of the pie chart on the grounds that judgements of area are less accurate than judgements of lenth. Thus the bar chart has been favoured. When the amount of data to be communicated is small, some authorities have advocated the use of properly constructed tables, as another option. The series of experiments reported here suggests that there is little to choose between the pie and the bar chart, with the former enjoying a slight advantage if the required judgement is a complicated one, but that both forms of chart are superior to the table. Thus our results do not support the commonly expressed opinion that pie charts are inferior. An analysis of the nature of the task and a review of the psychophysical literature suggest that the traditional prejudice against the pie chart is misguided. 相似文献
416.
417.
Think manager—think male,think follower—think female: Gender bias in implicit followership theories 下载免费PDF全文
Stephan Braun Sebastian Stegmann Alina S. Hernandez Bark Nina M. Junker Rolf van Dick 《Journal of applied social psychology》2017,47(7):377-388
Because of the overlap between the social roles of women and followers, we predicted that people would show a bias, that is, favor female followers over male followers. To support this hypothesis, we conducted two studies: An explicit test of the bias using a scenario design and an implicit association test (IAT)‐based study. Both studies show that the role of an ideal follower is more strongly associated with the female gender role, which seems to be caused partly by a more communal connotation of the follower role. This effect might contribute to the underrepresentation of women in leadership positions as they are perceived to be an ideal fit for followership positions; but it may also push men away from being followers and into leadership positions. 相似文献
418.
Sub-national Fiscal Activity as a Determinant of Individual Happiness: Ideology Matters 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Robert W. Wassmer Edward L. Lascher Jr. Stephan Kroll 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2009,10(5):563-582
Though there has been a recent outpouring of studies on the determinants of individual happiness, there remains a paucity
of research on the influence of specific sub-national government policies. Additionally, theoretical expectations about how
fiscal variables influence happiness are unclear, making further empirical research imperative. Combining survey data and
aggregate information about state and local government revenue and expenditures within the United States, we draw inferences
about whether or not such activities affect individual happiness. We find no indication that the overall level of state or
local fiscal activity affects life satisfaction. However, we offer evidence that personal happiness could be increased with
an increase in the percentage of sub-national expenditure devoted to public safety. We also find that there are notable differences
across ideological groups (conservatives, moderates, and liberals) with respect to how much public safety influences happiness,
as well as how some other fiscal variables influence happiness. We conclude that ideology mediates the impact of fiscal variables
on life satisfaction. 相似文献
419.
420.
Anna Thorwart Holger Schultheis Stephan König Harald Lachnit 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(1):29-34
ALTSim is a MATLAB-based simulator of several associative learning models, including Pearce’s configural model, the extended
configural model, the Rescorla-Wagner model, the unique cue hypothesis, the modified unique cue hypothesis, the replaced elements
model, and Harris’s elemental model. It allows for specifying all relevant parameters, as well as exact stimulus sequences
by graphical user interfaces. It is an easy-to-use tool that facilitates evaluating and comparing the featured associative
learning models. ALTSim is available free of charge from www.staff.uni-marburg.de/~lachnit/ALTSim/. 相似文献