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141.
Bimanual coordination, a prototype of a complex motor skill, has recently become the subject of intensive investigation. Whereas past research focused mainly on the identification of the elementary coordination constraints that limit performance, the focus is now shifting towards overcoming these coordination constraints by means of task symbolization or perceptual transformation rules that promote the integration of the task components into a meaningful "gestalt". The study of these cognitive penetrations into action will narrow the brain-mind gap and will facilitate the development of a cognitive neuroscience perspective on bimanual movement control. 相似文献
142.
Yacila I. Deza Araujo Stephan Nebe Philipp T. Neukam Shakoor Pooseh Miriam Sebold Maria Garbusow Andreas Heinz Michael N. Smolka 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2018,18(3):536-549
Value-based decision making (VBDM) is a principle that states that humans and other species adapt their behavior according to the dynamic subjective values of the chosen or unchosen options. The neural bases of this process have been extensively investigated using task-based fMRI and lesion studies. However, the growing field of resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) may shed light on the organization and function of brain connections across different decision-making domains. With this aim, we used independent component analysis to study the brain network dynamics in a large cohort of young males (N = 145) and the relationship of these dynamics with VBDM. Participants completed a battery of behavioral tests that evaluated delay aversion, risk seeking for losses, risk aversion for gains, and loss aversion, followed by an RSFC scan session. We identified a set of large-scale brain networks and conducted our analysis only on the default mode network (DMN) and networks comprising cognitive control, appetitive-driven, and reward-processing regions. Higher risk seeking for losses was associated with increased connectivity between medial temporal regions, frontal regions, and the DMN. Higher risk seeking for losses was also associated with increased coupling between the left frontoparietal network and occipital cortices. These associations illustrate the participation of brain regions involved in prospective thinking, affective decision making, and visual processing in participants who are greater risk-seekers, and they demonstrate the sensitivity of RSFC to detect brain connectivity differences associated with distinct VBDM parameters. 相似文献
143.
Information that is presumed to be true at encoding but later on turns out to be false (i.e., misinformation) often continues
to influence memory and reasoning. In the present study, we investigated how the strength of encoding and the strength of
a later retraction of the misinformation affect this continued influence effect. Participants read an event report containing
misinformation and a subsequent correction. Encoding strength of the misinformation and correction were orthogonally manipulated
either via repetition (Experiment 1) or by imposing a cognitive load during reading (Experiment 2). Results suggest that stronger
retractions are effective in reducing the continued influence effects associated with strong misinformation encoding, but
that even strong retractions fail to eliminate continued influence effects associated with relatively weak encoding. We present
a simple computational model based on random sampling that captures this effect pattern, and conclude that the continued influence
effect seems to defy most attempts to eliminate it. 相似文献
144.
We investigated whether infants can transfer their goal attribution between situations that contain different types of information about the goal. We found that 12-month-olds who had attributed a goal based on the causal efficacy of a means-end action generated expectations about the actor's action in another scenario in which the actor could choose between alternative outcomes. This finding suggests that, by 12 months, infants possess a unitary concept of goal. 相似文献
145.
Die chronische bipolare Depression bei ?lteren Menschen ist eine klinische Herausforderung und erfordert unter Umst?nden,
wie der vorliegende Fallbericht zeigt, Behandlungswege, die von Leitlinien nicht unbedingt abgedeckt werden. 相似文献
146.
Emotions have long been seen as counteracting rational thought, but over the last decades, they have been viewed as adaptive
processes to optimize human (but also animal) behaviour. In particular, positive affect appears to be a functional aspect
of emotions closely related to that. We argue that positive affect as understood in Kuhl’s PSI model of the human cognitive
architecture appears to have an interpretation in state-of-the-art hybrid robot control architectures, which might help tackle
some open questions in the field. 相似文献
147.
Hofer A Siedentopf CM Ischebeck A Rettenbacher MA Verius M Golaszewski SM Felber S Fleischhacker WW 《Brain and cognition》2007,63(2):174-181
Functional MRI was used to investigate brain activation in healthy volunteers during encoding of unfamiliar faces as well as during correct recognition of newly learned faces (CR) compared to correct identification of distractor faces (CF), missed alarms (not recognizing previously presented faces, MA), and false alarms (incorrectly recognizing newly presented faces, FA). Encoding was associated with frontal, occipital/fusiform, thalamic, and cerebellar activation. CR produced activation in frontal and cerebellar regions, whereas CF activated frontal and occipitotemporal regions as well as the thalamus. In contrast, MA was associated with frontal and thalamic activation, and FA with frontal activation. The CR minus CF comparison showed left lateral prefrontal and parietal activation, while no suprathreshold positive signal changes were detected when subtracting the other conditions (CR minus MA, CR minus FA, and vice versa). These results support the view that the successful episodic retrieval of newly learned faces is based on a dorsal visual stream mechanism. 相似文献
148.
How do people report the contents of short-term memory when information about order must be retained but items can be retrieved in any order? We report an experiment using an unconstrained reconstruction task in which people can report list items in any order but must place them in their correct serial positions. We found (1) a tendency to report recent items first in immediate but not in delayed reconstruction, (2) a tendency to recall temporally isolated items first, (3) a preference for forward recall order, and (4) a preference for output orders that minimize the length of the path that must be traversed through memory space during retrieval. The results constrain most current models of short-term memory in which retrieval is ballistic and is assumed to run to completion autonomously once initiated. 相似文献
149.
150.