全文获取类型
收费全文 | 5110篇 |
免费 | 1156篇 |
国内免费 | 32篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 49篇 |
2021年 | 51篇 |
2020年 | 100篇 |
2019年 | 83篇 |
2018年 | 162篇 |
2017年 | 157篇 |
2016年 | 172篇 |
2015年 | 128篇 |
2014年 | 156篇 |
2013年 | 549篇 |
2012年 | 191篇 |
2011年 | 212篇 |
2010年 | 186篇 |
2009年 | 283篇 |
2008年 | 206篇 |
2007年 | 223篇 |
2006年 | 150篇 |
2005年 | 139篇 |
2004年 | 167篇 |
2003年 | 177篇 |
2002年 | 108篇 |
2001年 | 161篇 |
2000年 | 117篇 |
1999年 | 120篇 |
1998年 | 99篇 |
1997年 | 72篇 |
1996年 | 110篇 |
1995年 | 81篇 |
1994年 | 93篇 |
1993年 | 85篇 |
1992年 | 103篇 |
1991年 | 102篇 |
1990年 | 89篇 |
1989年 | 88篇 |
1988年 | 66篇 |
1987年 | 57篇 |
1986年 | 46篇 |
1984年 | 45篇 |
1982年 | 54篇 |
1972年 | 55篇 |
1971年 | 54篇 |
1970年 | 41篇 |
1968年 | 62篇 |
1967年 | 49篇 |
1966年 | 58篇 |
1965年 | 43篇 |
1964年 | 84篇 |
1963年 | 77篇 |
1962年 | 51篇 |
1961年 | 41篇 |
排序方式: 共有6298条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Bornstein’s hypothesis that there is a loss of color discrimination in tropical areas was not supported in earlier research
in the Cook Islands. Using a more sensitive color vision test (the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-Hue Test), a loss of color discrimination
in the red-purple and blue-green regions of the spectrum was found. The lack of sex differences in this color discrimination
loss supports a physiological rather than a genetic explanation of the observed decrement. 相似文献
32.
Memory research has in the last fifteen years been marked by a considerable interest in context effects. This review begins
by examining experimental manipulations of verbal and environmental context in verbal memory. This is followed by a more extensive
review of episodic studies of face recognition that have examined the effects of varying the background in which a face is
portrayed, the room of testing, and the presence of guided instructions. The relevance of these findings to eyewitness memory
is also considered. Discrepancies in the literature are pinpointed with theoretical discussion centering around encoding specificity
theory (Tulving & Thomson, 1973) and Baddeley and Woodhead’s (1982) distinction between “independent” (extrinsic) and “interactive”
(intrinsic) context effects. The review ends with an evaluation of some recent models of memory and face recognition in an
attempt to provide a framework within which to interpret the context effects in the literature. 相似文献
33.
34.
One of the more important and emerging fields in which psychologists collaborate with other disciplines is psychoimmunology.
Centuries of clinical anecdote and decades of psychosomatic hypotheses have gained credibility in the eyes of the medical
establishment—and many patients—by the systematic investigation of mechanisms potentially explaining how events intrapsychic
and interpersonal could affect physical disease processes. The central nervous system is connected with the immune system
by both neuronal and endocrinological pathways. The immune system has been found to mediate the organism’s response to aberrations
of its own normal functions, as well as to invading organisms from without. AIDS, arthritis, asthma, lupus, and herpes are
some of the illnesses in which research is demonstrating important relationships among psychosocial and immunological factors
and disease course. In this article, we first discuss the immunological apparatus in order to provide a base for subsequent
discussions of the effects of stress on immune function. Then we discuss malignant diseases and current evidence that disease
course is related to both psychosocial stressors and immune function. We next discuss a model of these interactions, and finally
we talk about interventions incorporating psychosocial factors aimed at influencing immune status and, thus, disease course. 相似文献
35.
The interaction of stimulus and reinforcer control in complex temporal discrimination. 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Six pigeons were trained in a discrete-trials signal-detection procedure to discriminate between a fixed-duration stimulus (5 s or 20 s) and a set of variable durations ranging from 2.5 s to 57.5 s in steps of 5 s. For each fixed-duration stimulus, the ratio of reinforcer frequencies contingent upon reporting the fixed versus the variable stimulus was systematically manipulated. Detection performance was well controlled by both the stimulus value and the reinforcer ratio. Both the discriminability between the fixed duration and the set of variable durations, and the discriminability between the fixed duration and each of the variable durations, were independent of the reinforcer-frequency ratio when discriminability was measured as log d. The sensitivity of response bias to reinforcement-ratio changes was independent of the value of the fixed duration, but was not independent of the discriminability of the variable durations from the fixed durations. Under current models, discriminability measures in complex temporal discrimination may be independent of biasing manipulations, but bias measures are not independent of stimulus values. 相似文献
36.
Pigeons' choices between alternatives that provided different percentages of reinforcement in mixed schedules were studied using the concurrent-chains procedure. In Experiment 1, the alternatives were terminal-link schedules that were equal in delay and magnitude of reinforcement, but that provided different percentages of reinforcement, with one schedule providing, reinforcement twice as reliably as the other. All pigeons preferred the more reliable schedule, and their level of preference was not systematically affected by variation in the absolute percentage values, or in the magnitude of reinforcement. In Experiment 2, preference for a schedule providing 100% reinforcement over one providing 33% reinforcement increased systematically with increases in the duration of the terminal links. In contrast, preference decreased systematically with increases in the duration of the initial links. Experiment 3 examined choice with equal percentages of reinforcement but unequal delays to reinforcement. Preference for the shorter delay to reinforcement was not systematically affected by variation in the absolute percentage of reinforcement. The overall pattern of results supported predictions based on an extension of the delay-reduction hypothesis to choice procedures involving mixed schedules of percentage reinforcement. 相似文献
37.
Effects of delayed conditioned reinforcement in chain schedules. 总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0
The contingency between responding and stimulus change on a chain variable-interval 33-s, variable-interval 33-s, variable-interval 33-s schedule was weakened by interposing 3-s delays between either the first and second or the second and third links. No stimulus change signaled the delay interval and responses could occur during it, so the obtained delays were often shorter than the scheduled delay. When the delay occurred after the initial link, initial-link response rates decreased by an average of 77% with no systematic change in response rates in the second or third links. Response rates in the second link decreased an average of 59% when the delay followed that link, again with little effect on response rates in the first or third links. Because the effect of delaying stimulus change was comparable to the effect of delaying primary reinforcement in a simple variable-interval schedule, and the effect of the unsignaled delay was specific to the link in which the delay occurred, the results provide strong evidence for the concept of conditioned reinforcement. 相似文献
38.
Lars-Göran Nilsson 《Psychological research》1987,49(2-3):183-188
Summary Three experiments are reported to test a claim by previous subjects that lack of motivation for performing well in memory experiments yielded less than optimal performance. In each experiment the subjects of one group were informed of monetary incentives prior to study; in a second group they were informed of these incentives after study but prior to the test; no mention of incentives was made to the subjects of a third group. Recall and recognition procedures were used to assess memory performance. The data of all three experiments demonstrated no differences between the three groups with respect to performance. The claim that subjects in regular memory experiments would typically perform less than optimally is thus rejected. Subjective reports, however, revealed that incentives had affected the amount of effort put into the memory tasks. This dissociation between performance data and subjective reports is discussed in relation to the concept of motivation. 相似文献
39.
The proposal that peripheral visual changes (cues) tend to summon attention automatically was tested by studying the effect
of peripheral cueing on simple detection latency. Delay between cue onset and target onset, the contingent relationship between
cue location and target location, and instructions to subjects were manipulated. Results showed that a peripheral display
change could capture attention even when the target was far more likely to appear at an uncued location. When subjects were
explicitly informed that targets were likely to appear away from the cued location they were able to suppress this effect,
but were unable completely to reverse it by rapidly orienting attention towards the uncued side. Hence the process appears
to be automatic in the sense that it occurs unless there are explicit instructions to the contrary. With explicit instructions
the processing operation can be suppressed, but not completely reversed.
This work was supported by the U.K. Admiralty Research Establishment (Research Agreement No. 53482). 相似文献
40.
Clinical staff’s attributions about diabetes management were measured using newly developed scales. Eighty-five physicians
and nurses provided data to investigate the psychometric properties of the scales and to examine the patterns of attributions
made. Alpha coefficients for the 7 six-item scales were satisfactory, ranging from .51 to .73. A comparison between attributions
for positive and negative outcomes of diabetes management produced examples of self-serving bias. Comparisons were made with
data from 286 insulin-dependent diabetes patients. Staff tended to rate patients as having less personal control over positive
outcomes (t=2.94;df=338;p<.01) and tended to emphasize chance to a greater extent than did the patients (t=−4.32;df=338;p<.001). There was a tendency for staff to rate negative outcomes as being more foreseeable by the patients than the patients
did themselves (t=−3.11;df=346;p<.01). Both patients and staff demonstrated bias towards dispositional attributions. The implications of between and within
group differences in attribution patterns are discussed.
The research presented here was supported in part by grants from the National Institutes of Health, U.S.A. (No. AM28196) and
from the British Diabetic Association to Dr. C. Bradley. 相似文献