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661.
Ben Bradley 《The Journal of Ethics》2013,17(1-2):37-49
It is often said that while we have a strong reason not to create someone who will be badly off, we have no strong reason for creating someone who will be well off. In this paper I argue that this asymmetry is incompatible with a plausible principle of independence of irrelevant alternatives, and that a more general asymmetry between harming and benefiting is difficult to defend. I then argue that, contrary to what many have claimed, it is possible to harm or benefit someone by bringing her into existence. 相似文献
662.
Jane H. Cerhan Robert J. Ivnik Glenn E. Smith Mary M. Machulda Bradley F. Boeve David S. Knopman 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2013,20(3):227-235
This is a prospective examination of the cognitive performance and cognitive course of persons in an asymptomatic “preclinical” phase who eventually developed Alzheimer's disease (AD). We compared performances on the Mayo Cognitive Factor Scales (MCFS) of 20 persons in a neurologically normal cohort who subsequently developed AD to the performances of 60 persons who remained free of dementia symptoms. For the AD patients, exams occurred prior to the appearance of dementia symptoms (an average of 4.2 and 1.5 years prior to symptom onset). Results reveal strong group differences on learning and retention, with eventual AD patients scoring lower than controls years prior to reporting symptoms of the disease. There was no significant interaction effect (group × testing session) for memory retention, suggesting that memory decline in this preclinical period may be too slow to be a useful indicator of future AD. A significant interaction (but no group effect) was seen for verbal comprehension. 相似文献
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665.
R.D. Bradley 《Australasian journal of philosophy》2013,91(2):146-158
666.
Lewis BE 《The Journal of medical humanities》2011,32(1):9-20
Narrative medicine is one of medicine's most important internal reforms, and it should be a critical dimension of healthcare debate. Healthcare reform must eventually ask not only how do we pay for healthcare and how do we distribute it, but more fundamentally, what kind of healthcare do we want? It must ask, in short, what are the goals of medicine? Yet, even though narrative medicine is crucial to answering these pivotal and inescapable questions, it is not easy to describe. Many of its core claims go against the grain of common sense thinking about medicine. This article argues that the best way to understand narrative medicine is to tell a story that puts its emergence in historical context. 相似文献
667.
A substantial amount of empirical and theoretical debate remains concerning the extent to which an ability to orient with
respect to the environment is determined by global (i.e., principal axis of space), local (i.e., wall lengths, angles), and/or
view-based (i.e., stored representation) accounts. We developed an orientation task that allowed the manipulation of the reliability
of the principal axis of space (i.e., searching at the egocentric left- and/or right-hand side of the principal axis) between
groups while maintaining goal distance from the principal axis, local cues specifying the goal location (i.e., short wall
left, short wall right, and obtuse angle), and visual aspects of the goal location consistent across groups. Control and test
trials revealed that participants trained with a reliable principal axis of space utilized both global and local geometric
cues, whereas those trained with an unreliable principal axis of space utilized only local geometric cues. Results suggest
that both global and local geometric cues are utilized for reorientation and that the reliability of the principal axis of
an enclosure differentially influences the use of geometric cues. Such results have implications for purely global-based,
purely local-based, and purely view-based matching theoretical accounts of geometry learning and provide evidence for a unified
orientation process. 相似文献
668.
Managing a new collaborative entity in business organizations: understanding organizational communities of practice effectiveness 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Kirkman BL Mathieu JE Cordery JL Rosen B Kukenberger M 《The Journal of applied psychology》2011,96(6):1234-1245
Companies worldwide are turning to organizational communities of practice (OCoPs) as vehicles to generate learning and enhance organizational performance. OCoPs are defined as groups of employees who share a concern, a set of problems, or a passion about a topic and who strengthen their knowledge and expertise by interacting on a consistent basis. To date, OCoP research has drawn almost exclusively from the community of practice (CoP) literature, even though the organizational form of CoPs shares attributes of traditional CoPs and of organizational teams. Drawing on Lave and Wenger's (1991) original theory of legitimate peripheral participation, we integrate theory and research from CoPs and organizational teams to develop and empirically examine a model of OCoP effectiveness that includes constructs such as leadership, empowerment, the structure of tasks, and OCoP relevance to organizational effectiveness. Using data from 32 OCoPs in a U.S.-based multinational mining and minerals processing firm, we found that external community leaders play an important role in enhancing OCoP empowerment, particularly to the extent that task interdependence is high. Empowerment, in turn, was positively related to OCoP effectiveness. We also found that OCoPs designated as "core" by the organization (e.g., working on critical issues) were more effective than those that were noncore. Task interdependence also was positively related to OCoP effectiveness. We provide scholars and practitioners with insights on how to effectively manage OCoPs in today's organizations. 相似文献
669.
Accuracy rates with polygraphs using concealed information tests (CITs) depend on memory for crime details. Some participants read instructions on murdering a dummy victim that specified exact crime details asked on the subsequent CIT. Others read instructions not stating details, but still requiring interaction with the exact same details for the crime. For example, the murder weapon was under four heavy boxes. Instructions stated either "... remove the 4 boxes ..." or "... remove the boxes ..." Thus, each group removed four boxes, but only one group was primed with the number "4" beforehand. In addition, the victim unexpectedly shouted at some participants during the crime. An innocent group was not exposed to either manipulation. Memory, detection scores, and detection rates were lower for guilty participants not primed with details. Sound affected detection scores but not memory, and there was no interaction between the two factors. Information tests are limited by how crime information is received. 相似文献
670.