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121.
Mario Amore MD Marco Innamorati PsyD Cristina Di Vittorio MD Igor Weinberg MD Gustavo Turecki MD PhD Leo Sher MD Joel Paris MD PhD Paolo Girardi MD Maurizio Pompili MD PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2014,44(2):155-166
Suicide attempters who met criteria for borderline personality disorder (BPD) comorbid with major depressive disorder (MDD) were compared to both suicide attempters suffering from MDD alone and to attempters with comorbid MDD and other personality disorders (PD). Participants were 239 (158 patients with comorbid PD and 81 patients with MDD without comorbidity) inpatients consecutively admitted after a suicide attempt made in the last 24 hours. Suicide attempters with comorbid MDD and BPD had more frequent previous suicide attempts and were more likely to have a history of aggressive behaviors and alcohol and drug use disorders compared with patients suffering from MDD without Axis II comorbidity. 相似文献
122.
Kirby Deater‐Deckard Jennifer Godwin Jennifer E. Lansford Liliana Maria Uribe Tirado Saengduean Yotanyamaneewong Liane Pea Alampay Suha M. Al‐Hassan Dario Bacchini Marc H. Bornstein Lei Chang Laura Di Giunta Kenneth A. Dodge Paul Oburu Concetta Pastorelli Ann T. Skinner Emma Sorbring Laurence Steinberg Sombat Tapanya 《Developmental science》2019,22(5)
The current longitudinal study is the first comparative investigation across low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) to test the hypothesis that harsher and less affectionate maternal parenting (child age 14 years, on average) statistically mediates the prediction from prior household chaos and neighborhood danger (at 13 years) to subsequent adolescent maladjustment (externalizing, internalizing, and school performance problems at 15 years). The sample included 511 urban families in six LMICs: China, Colombia, Jordan, Kenya, the Philippines, and Thailand. Multigroup structural equation modeling showed consistent associations between chaos, danger, affectionate and harsh parenting, and adolescent adjustment problems. There was some support for the hypothesis, with nearly all countries showing a modest indirect effect of maternal hostility (but not affection) for adolescent externalizing, internalizing, and scholastic problems. Results provide further evidence that chaotic home and dangerous neighborhood environments increase risk for adolescent maladjustment in LMIC contexts, via harsher maternal parenting. 相似文献
123.
Di Wu Kangcheng Wang Dongtao Wei Qunlin Chen Xue Du Junyi Yang Jiang Qiu 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2017,17(1):211-223
In maladaptive respects, perfectionism reflects an individual’s concern over making mistakes and doubting the quality of his or her own actions excessively, which would affect one’s emotion. However, little is known about the neural mechanisms associated with the perfectionism and negative affect. In this study, voxel-based morphometry was performed to identify the brain regions underlying individual differences in perfectionism, which was measured by the Chinese Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (CFMPS), in a large sample of nonclinical young adults. Our results showed that the two subdimensions of the perfectionism, concern over mistakes (CM) and doubts about actions (DA), were both positively correlated with the self-reported anxiety and depression as well as the gray matter volume (GMV) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a pivotal brain region in cognitive control, affective state, and regulation. Moreover, CM, DA, and organization scores were respectively correlated with distributed brain regions involved in multiple cognitive and emotion processes. Our results furthermore revealed that the score of DA acted a mediational mechanism underlying the relationship between the GMV of ACC and self-rating negative affect (anxiety and depression). Taken together, these results might suggest the neuroanatomical basis of perfectionism and the association among the perfectionism, negative emotion, and brain architecture. This study emphasized that perfectionism could play a crucial role in the arousal of negative affect. 相似文献
124.
Raffaella Nori Elisa Gambetti Fabio Marinello Stefano Canestrari Fiorella Giusberti 《Cognitive processing》2017,18(4):387-397
The present study contributes to the discussion on the different components which constitute the intentionality concept about an undesired side effect, focusing on the morality and the skill. Two hundred and forty participants were asked to read a brief story about a car accident, in which it was explained the motivation of the high speed and objective and subjective skill of the agent to drive the car, and to fill in six questions about intentionality, objective risk, mental representation of risk, risk acceptance and blameworthiness for the outcome. The principal results showed that when the motivation is morally negative, people judge the side effect more intentional, also because they make more severe judgments about risk and blameworthiness. Moreover, when people are objectively proficient to perform the action (objective skill) the side effect is considered less risky and intentional and, in the case of a negative outcome, they are judged less severely than if they have a poor ability. Finally, a self-assessment of low skill to make the action (subjective skill) leads people to assess higher risks and, consequently, more intentionality for the side effect. The results are discussed on the basis of the literature about some specific components that make up the intentionality concept. 相似文献
125.
126.
Gender differences in play behavior are well documented. However, little work has examined the issue of variability of gender-typed behaviors within individuals or within genders. We investigated whether children's gender-typed toy play behavior is (a) variable across time within individuals, and (b) variable in response to exposure to counterstereotypic models. Extensive observations (N=203) were made of 8 highly gender-typed preschool children over 4 months. Variability was assessed by examining changes in the percentage of masculine and feminine toy play across successive days in which (a) gender neutral stories were read (within-individual variability) and (b) gender counterstereotypic stories were introduced (environmental variability). Variability of gender-typed play within individuals and in response to environmental stimuli was found among girls, but not among boys. 相似文献
127.
Stefano Siccardi 《Axiomathes》2011,21(2):287-301
I discuss the application of the Model of Pragmatic Information to the study of spontaneous anomalystic mental phenomena like
telepathy, precognition, etc. In these phenomena the most important effects are related to anomalous information gain by the
subjects. I consider the basic ideas of the Model, as they have been applied to experimental anomalystic phenomena and to
spontaneous phenomena that have strong physical effects, like poltergeist cases, highlighting analogies and differences. Moreover,
I point out that in such cases we cannot assign a probability of being accepted to every proposition, and so we cannot use
standard formulas for pragmatic information and other relevant measures. To overcome the problem, I propose that qualitative
possibility theory could be used to describe the situation. In such theory, the confidence in a proposition is expressed using
a scale. Basic concepts like epistemic states, belief revision, information gain, pragmatic information etc. are discussed
in this frame. Finally an application to some specific cases is sketched. 相似文献
128.
129.
Easterners tend to process information more holistically than Westerners. Kim and Markman (J Exp Soc Psychol 42(3):350–364,
2006) suggest that these differences are rooted in higher chronic levels of Fear of Isolation (FOI) for those cultures that process
information more holistically. The goal of this study was to determine if these differences and their suggested cause could
be found with two different Western cultures. Testing Italian (IT) and US American (US) adults, we found that IT participants
processed information more holistically and had a higher chronic level of FOI than US participants; furthermore, the manipulation
of FOI affected context sensitivity more for IT than for US participants. The results demonstrate that IT participants were
more similar to previous research with Eastern populations than with Western populations (Kim and Markman in J Exp Soc Psychol
42(3):350–364, 2006) and indicate a within-Western culture difference for reasoning styles and support the hypothesis that this difference is
due to different chronic levels of FOI. 相似文献
130.