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111.
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Visual search studies have shown that attention can be top-down biased to a specific target color, so that only items with this color or a similar color can capture attention. According to some theories of attention, colors from different categories (i.e., red, green, blue, yellow) are represented independently. However, other accounts have proposed that these are related—either because color is filtered through broad overlapping channels (4-channel view), or because colors are represented in one continuous feature space (e.g., CIE space) and search is governed by specific principles (e.g., linear separability between colors, or top-down tuning to relative colors). The present study tested these different views using a cueing experiment in which observers had to select one target color (e.g., red) and ignore two or four differently colored distractors that were presented prior to the target (cues). The results showed clear evidence for top-down contingent capture by colors, as a target-colored cue captured attention more strongly than differently colored cues. However, the results failed to support any of the proposed views that different color categories are related to one another by overlapping channels, linear separability, or relational guidance (N = 96). 相似文献
113.
Stephan Heinzel Stefanie Schulte Johanna Onken Quynh-Lam Duong Thomas G. Riemer Andreas Heinz 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2014,21(2):146-173
Previous studies on working memory training have indicated that transfer to non-trained tasks of other cognitive domains may be possible. The aim of this study is to compare working memory training and transfer effects between younger and older adults (n = 60). A novel approach to adaptive n-back training (12 sessions) was implemented by varying the working memory load and the presentation speed. All participants completed a neuropsychological battery of tests before and after the training. On average, younger training participants achieved difficulty level 12 after training, while older training participants only reached difficulty level 5. In younger participants, transfer to Verbal Fluency and Digit Symbol Substitution test was found. In older participants, we observed a transfer to Digit Span Forward, CERAD Delayed Recall, and Digit Symbol Substitution test. Results suggest that working memory training may be a beneficial intervention for maintaining and improving cognitive functioning in old age. 相似文献
114.
Fabian Alexander Ryffel Dominique Stefanie Wirz Rinaldo Kühne Werner Wirth 《Media Psychology》2014,17(4):397-419
This study examined the influence of an emotionally arousing writing style on attitude formation and change. It has been proposed that different writing styles induce attitudes based on either affect or cognition and with either high or low certainty. Previous work indicates that the interplay of these attitude characteristics determines the persuasiveness of emotional and rational media appeals. To test the hypotheses, participants in an experimental study read articles from a magazine about a fictitious attitude object. In the first step, 4 different types of attitudes varying in base and level of certainty were induced through a respectively manipulated article. In the second step, these attitudes were challenged by an additional article, which presented either an emotional or rational persuasive appeal. The results supported hypotheses on attitude induction through media stimuli and 3 of 4 hypotheses regarding the persuasiveness of emotionally and rationally written articles. 相似文献
115.
Nigel Dower 《Journal of Global Ethics》2014,10(1):8-15
Global ethics is an emerging discipline which has not yet reached maturity. The main tasks before it to gain maturity are: first, to achieve a greater integration of various domains of enquiry all of which are concerned with global normative issues. At a general level this includes integrating global ethics with cosmopolitanism, global justice and human right discourse. At the level of areas of concern, there needs to be greater integration of various areas such as development, trade, environment and climate change. And it must grapple with the question of diversity within universality: how far can diversity of practices be accommodated within a culturally sensitive universal framework? Second, there is the question of finding a shared normative framework with respect to the diverse worldviews that may lie behind this: what degree and kind of convergence/consensus are worth working for? Third, there is the task of creating the conditions for its own wider acceptance, which should include taking the idea of global citizenship seriously. 相似文献
116.
Stefanie Solow Glennon 《Psychoanalytic Dialogues》2016,26(1):50-55
This discussion lauds the richness and in-depth nature of Lauren Levine’s clinical work, including the efficacy of a much needed consultation with a colleague. The analytic work is viewed in light of concerns raised by senior relational analysts in a previous issue of Psychoanalytic Dialogues. Additional thoughts stimulated by the presentation are offered by the discussant. 相似文献
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118.
Animal Cognition - Dogs are renowned for ‘looking back’ at humans when confronted with a problem, but it has been questioned whether this implies help-seeking or giving up. We tested 56... 相似文献
119.
Mechanical environmental changes in the knee are induced by altered joint kinematics under cyclic loading during activities of daily living after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. This is considered a risk factor in progressive cartilage degeneration and the early onset of osteoarthritis following ACL injury and even after reconstructive surgery. The purpose of this study was to examine 3D joint kinematics of ACL-deficient and ACL-reconstructed knees to health controls during stair ascent and descent. A 3D optical video motion capture system was used to record coordinate data from reflective markers positioned on subjects as they ascended and descended a custom-built staircase. Spatiotemporal gait and knee joint kinematic variables were calculated and further analyzed. The ACL-deficient knees exhibited a significant extension deficit compared to the ACL-intact controls. A more varus and internally rotated tibial position was also identified in the ACL-deficient knees during both stair ascent and descent. The ACL-reconstructed knees exhibited less abnormality in both spatiotemporal gait parameters and joint kinematics, but these variables were not fully restored to a normal level. The kinematic profiles of the ACL-reconstructed knees were more similar to those of the ACL-deficient knees when compared to the ACL-intact knees. This suggests that the ACL-reconstructed knees had been "under-corrected" rather than "over-corrected" by the reconstructive surgery procedure. Findings from this study may provide more insight with respect to improving ACL reconstruction surgical techniques, which may aid the early progression of cartilage degeneration in ACL-reconstructed knees. 相似文献
120.
Ulrich Kühnen Marieke C. van Egmond Frank Haber Stefanie Kuschel Amina ?zelsel Alexis L. Rossi Youlia Spivak 《Social Psychology of Education》2012,15(1):59-76
The current study investigated the value of Socratic classroom communication (e.g., critical debate and challenging each other
on content matters) among students from various cultures (clustered into Western Europeans, Eastern Europeans and Non-Europeans)
and from members of faculty at an international university in Germany. Students from Western cultures where Socratic communication
had been valued in the school systems reported a greater ease of engaging in the respective communication style than did Eastern
European and Non-European students. Furthermore, we assessed how strongly the faculty valued the respective kinds of behavior.
The results show that overall students underestimated the extent to which Socratic communication behavior was esteemed by
members of faculty. In addition, faculty members perceived themselves to be more explicit about their pedagogical principles
than they were perceived by students. Finally, the easier it was for students to show Socratic classroom communication, the
more academically satisfied they were and the better their grades. The results are discussed with regard to practical implications
and the internationalization of universities. 相似文献