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21.
Stefanie J. Sharman Martine B. Powell 《Journal of Investigative Psychology & Offender Profiling》2013,10(1):114-124
To examine whether exposing people to false events using instructions taken from the cognitive interview creates false beliefs and false memories, we conducted an experiment where participants took part in two sessions. First, they rated how confident they were that they had experienced certain childhood events and their memories of those events; they also rated how plausible they thought the events were. Second, 2 weeks later, participants were exposed to two of three false target events: one high, one moderate, and one low plausibility. For the first event, participants were instructed to either report everything or mentally reinstate the event context. For the second event, participants received both instructions. The third event was the control event about which participants received no instructions. Finally, participants rated their confidence and memories the second time. The results showed that the cognitive interview instructions had little to no effect on the development of false beliefs and false memories. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
22.
Gernot Horstmann Stefanie I. Becker Steffi Bergmann Ludger Burghaus 《Visual cognition》2013,21(7):981-1016
Quite a number of studies have tested whether the affective valence of stimuli can guide attention in visual search. Studies using schematic affective faces frequently found a relative search asymmetry (RSA), with more efficient search for a negative face in a friendly crowd than vice versa. Whether, however, this effect relates to differences in affect or to the confounded differences in perceptual features is unknown. The present study proposes and tests a similarity-based account for the RSA. Experiments 1a and 1b first replicate the typical RSA. Experiment 2 shows that the stimulus could be simplified to some degree without losing the RSA. Experiments 3 and 4, finally, demonstrate that the RSA could be reversed by a rather simple stimulus change, that leaves the facial expression intact. It is concluded that the strong dependence of the RSA on stimulus factors seriously questions the claim that emotional factors drive the RSA. 相似文献
23.
Claudia Lampman Brenda Rolfe-Maloney Eric John David Mandy Yan Nick McDermott Stefanie Winters Jennifer Davis Rebecca Lathrop 《Sexuality & culture》2002,6(4):3-21
Because television has the potential to shape cultural beliefs about both sexual norms and appropriate workplace behavior,
it seems important to examine TV’s portrayal of “sexual etiquette” in the workplace. In a content analysis of two episodes
of every primetime comedy aired on all broadcast and cable networks during fall 2000, we coded every sexual remark and behavior
made in a workplace scene. Across all networks, 85 percent of programs and one in four workplace interactions contained some
type of sexual content. Overall, a viewer is likely to hear eleven sexual remarks and see two to three sexual behaviors in
a workplace setting per hour; this jumps to twenty-three remarks and nine behaviors on cable networks. Sexual remarks were
mostly explicit, made in an office setting, by White men, and were rarely (1.4%) about sexual harassment or discrimination.
Although sexual content in the workplace was generally less common on broadcast than cable networks, a broadcast network (Fox)
actually had the highest overall rate, with sexual content in 38 percent of workplace scenes. Given that research suggests
that TV teaches youth about sexuality and cultivates sexual attitudes and beliefs consistent with televised portrayals, it
is alarming that youth may learn from television that sex in the workplace is not only commonplace, but also to be tolerated
and enjoyed. 相似文献
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Stefanie M. Sinno Melanie Killen 《The British journal of developmental psychology》2011,29(2):313-329
The present study investigated children's and adolescents’ social reasoning about parenting roles in the home, specifically ‘second‐shift parenting’ by a mother or father. Surveys were administered to children (age 10) and adolescents (age 13), nearly evenly divided by gender (N= 200) in which two hypothetical scenarios were evaluated. Participants were asked to evaluate and justify second‐shift parenting arrangements for the family overall, for the parent in the role, and for the child in the family. Results showed that participants expected mothers rather than fathers to take on the second‐shift role, and second‐shift parenting was evaluated as more unfair for fathers than for mothers. Personal choice reasoning was used for justifying arrangements for the second‐shift parent and moral reasoning was used for justifying arrangements for the child. Social reasoning about the context of parental caretaking roles was multifaceted and varied by age and gender of participant more so than by self‐reported personal family arrangements. 相似文献
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The role of social dominance orientation and patriotism in the evaluation of racial minority and female leaders 下载免费PDF全文
This research broadens our understanding of racial and gender bias in leader evaluations by merging implicit leadership theory and social dominance perspectives. Across two experimental studies (291 participants), we tested the prediction that bias in leader evaluations stemming from White and masculine leader standards depends on the extent to which people favor hierarchical group relationships (social dominance orientation) and their level of patriotism. Employing the Goldberg paradigm, participants read identical leadership speeches attributed to either a woman or a man described as either a minority (Black or Latino/a) or a majority (White) group member. Results show social dominance orientation negatively predicted evaluations of minority and female leaders and patriotism positively predicted evaluations of White leaders. 相似文献
28.
Stefanie B. Platt 《Journal of aggression, maltreatment & trauma》2016,25(2):145-163
This study explored early abuse type and severity in relation to delinquency utilizing an archival longitudinal data set. These data were collected every 2 years, starting at age 4, from the individuals, caregivers, and teachers. Mean differences tests were conducted to determine how delinquency scores varied by abuse type and severity. These analyses used Child Protective Services reports of the type and severity of abuse as independent measures and the behavior problem scale from the Child Behavior Checklist, Youth Self Report, and Teacher Report Form as independent measures. Follow-up analyses of variance and post-hoc tests were conducted as necessary to clarify the relationship between abuse and delinquency. Although results did not reach significance, a relatively small mean difference was discovered between severity types (more severe maltreatment history demonstrating higher levels of delinquency) for teacher ratings of delinquency. 相似文献
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Prior reports of preferential detection of emotional expressions in visual search have yielded inconsistent results, even for face stimuli that avoid obvious expression-related perceptual confounds. The current study investigated inconsistent reports of anger and happiness superiority effects using face stimuli drawn from the same database. Experiment 1 excluded procedural differences as a potential factor, replicating a happiness superiority effect in a procedure that previously yielded an anger superiority effect. Experiments 2a and 2b confirmed that image colour or poser gender did not account for prior inconsistent findings. Experiments 3a and 3b identified stimulus set as the critical variable, revealing happiness or anger superiority effects for two partially overlapping sets of face stimuli. The current results highlight the critical role of stimulus selection for the observation of happiness or anger superiority effects in visual search even for face stimuli that avoid obvious expression related perceptual confounds and are drawn from a single database. 相似文献