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391.
392.
We explored whether event recency and valence affect people’s susceptibility to imagination inflation. Using a three-stage procedure, subjects imagined positive and negative events happening in their distant or recent past. First, subjects rated how confident they were that they had experienced particular positive and negative events in childhood or adulthood using a Life Events Inventory (LEI). Two weeks later, they imagined two positive and two negative events from the LEI. Finally, they rated their confidence on the LEI a second time. For positive events, subjects showed more imagination inflation for adulthood than childhood events. For negative events, they showed no difference in imagination inflation for adulthood and childhood events. We discuss factors that may influence source confusions for memories of the past and highlight directions for future research. 相似文献
393.
Bjørngaard JH Garratt A Gråwe RW Bjertnaes OA Ruud T 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2008,49(4):385-392
The study compared patient experiences with psychiatric treatment provided by private practitioners and public outpatient clinics. Questionnaires were completed by 642 outpatients in private practice and 6,677 outpatients in public clinics. The questionnaire included a measure of patient experiences comprising six items: treatment outcome, enough time for contact and dialogue with clinician, clinicians' understanding of patient's situation, suitability of therapy and treatment, clinician follow-up of planned actions, and influence on treatment. Patients in private practice had generally better experiences than patients in public outpatient treatment. The difference between private and public patients was largest for patients with poor self-evaluated mental health or those who had just one consultation in the previous three months. Private practitioners appear to have an important role in mental health services delivery, and patients have relatively good experiences with services. Further studies that assess the patient - clinician interaction in different mental health services may give further insights into potential service improvements. 相似文献
394.
Stefanie K. Johnson Courtney L. Holladay Miguel A. Quinones 《Journal of business and psychology》2009,24(4):409-418
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to examine employees’ reactions to the use of organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in performance evaluations. In addition, gender differences in such reactions were examined. 相似文献395.
Ansorge U Becker SI Breitmeyer B 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2009,62(2):286-309
In the metacontrast dissociation procedure, presenting a masked shape prime prior to a visible shape target leads to reaction-time effects of the prime in an indirect measure, although participants cannot consciously detect prime shapes in a direct measure (Klotz & Neumann, 1999). This has been taken as evidence for the processing of unconscious input. The results of the present metacontrast dissociation study indicate that although participants are unable to consciously report the shape of the prime, they can consciously perceive motion between masked primes and visible targets in a hybrid direct/indirect measure (Experiments 1 and 3). This indicates that former tests did not provide an exhaustive measure for residual conscious perception of the prime in the metacontrast dissociation procedure. Further tests, however, reveal that residual motion perception cannot account for performance in the indirect measure (Experiments 2 and 3). Although the results thus leave the conception of processing of unconscious input intact, they may prompt a revision of its criteria. 相似文献
396.
Stefanie I. Becker Ulrich Ansorge Massimo Turatto 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2009,71(6):1313-1324
The flash-lag effect is a visual misperception of a position of a flash relative to that of a moving object: Even when both are at the same position, the flash is reported to lag behind the moving object. In the present study, the flash-lag effect was investigated with eye-movement measurements: Subjects were required to saccade to either the flash or the moving object. The results showed that saccades to the flash were precise, whereas saccades to the moving object showed an offset in the direction of motion. A further experiment revealed that this offset in the saccades to the moving object was eliminated when the whole background flashed. This result indicates that saccadic offsets to the moving stimulus critically depend on the spatially distinctive flash in the vicinity of the moving object. The results are incompatible with current theoretical explanations of the flash-lag effect, such as the motion extrapolation account. We propose that allocentric coding of the position of the moving object could account for the flash-lag effect. 相似文献
397.
Antonio Rizzo Elisa Rubegni Erik Grönval Maurizio Caporali Andrea Alessandrini 《Knowledge, Technology, and Policy》2009,22(1):51-59
Ubiquitous Computing, Pervasive Computing, Physical Computing, Everyware, Tangible User Interface, and the Internet of Things
all share the same viewpoint—a viewpoint that sees computers, phones, and game consoles as no longer being the only devices
in our environment deemed worthy to embody computation and be connected. Each of these approaches focuses on slightly different
aspects of the features and potentialities of the enabling technologies (i.e., Physical Computing focuses on the growing power
of microcontrollers; IOT on the increasing influence of tagging systems; Everyware on the pervasiveness of the web through
wired and wireless connections, etc.) We understand and place more emphasis on the similarities then the differences among
these approaches, and at the same time, we try to address specific human activity issues by exploiting these new enabling
technologies and visions. In the paper, we present a project, Wi-roni, that addresses two issues: in-person communication
and the added value of being in a given location when accessing a given content. To this end, we considered in some detail
the possibilities of three of these enabling technologies: ultrasound sensors, MEMS, and mash-up of Internet application.
These technologies were chosen based on the nature of the human activity, and not vice versa. In Wi-roni, an Urban Architecture
project located in the La Gora public park in Monteroni d'Arbia, a small village in the province of Siena (Italy), we developed
two interconnect solutions: Wi-wave, a column for accessing web audio content in public spaces, and Wi-swing, a children’s
swing that tells stories while swinging. These devices represent both the concrete grounds from which to begin to address
the abovementioned human activity issues and the playground in which to explore the new, emerging interaction modalities that
the enabling technologies could allow. 相似文献
398.
Anne Chosak Luana Marques Jeanne Fama Stefanie Renaud Sabine Wilhelm 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2009,16(1):7-17
Cognitive therapy for OCD is an empirically validated alternative to the more widely used and validated behavioral therapy for OCD. The cognitive approach is based on the premise that belief systems contribute importantly to the development and maintenance of all types of OCD. By identifying and challenging maladaptive thoughts, beliefs, and core beliefs, patients can improve significantly and maintain their gains over time. This approach is demonstrated in detail with the case of Caroline, a 51-year-old woman with contamination obsessions. 相似文献
399.
400.
McLoughlin G Ronald A Kuntsi J Asherson P Plomin R 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2007,35(6):999-1008
Objective Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common, complex and highly heritable disorder, characterised by inattentive,
impulsive and overactive behaviour. Evidence for the heritability of ADHD measures in twin population samples has come from
the analysis of total scores that combine inattentive and hyperactive–impulsive symptoms subscales. This study investigated,
in a community sample, the aetiology of ADHD-like traits and the aetiological overlap between the two dimensions that define
the ADHD disorder.
Materials and Methods Parents of 6,222 approximately 8-year-old twin pairs from the Twins Early Development Study (TEDS) population sample completed
the two subscales of the Conners’ 18-item DSMIV checklist, a screening instrument for ADHD symptoms.
Results Both subscales were highly heritable (hyperactive–impulsive: 88%; inattentive: 79%). Bivariate genetic modelling indicated
substantial genetic overlap between the two components; however, there were significant independent genetic effects.
Conclusions These findings suggest that many genes associated with the hyperactivity–impulsivity dimension will also be associated with
the inattentive dimension but that there is significant genetic heterogeneity as well. These results provide genetic support
for combining the two behavioural dimensions that define ADHD, but also suggest that some symptom-specific genes will also
be identified.
Correspondence and reprint requests to Gráinne McLoughlin, SGDP Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, De Crespigny Park, London
SE5 8AF, Tel: +44(0) 207-848-5261; Email: g.mcloughlin@iop.kcl.ac.uk. 相似文献