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581.
Jeffrey A. Cully Melinda A. Stanley Mark E. Kunik 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2007,14(2):160-164
This study examined patient-level factors associated with engagement in mental health treatment in a sample of medically ill
patients with clinically significant symptoms of depression and/or anxiety. A total of 248 patients was enlisted from a randomized
controlled trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression and anxiety in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease (COPD). Logistic regression analysis was used to predict mental health engagement, defined as attending at least one
intervention session. Results indicated that patient-perceived mastery over COPD was negatively related to mental health engagement.
Further, mastery was the only significant predictor of mental health engagement after controlling for patient demographic
characteristics, severity of COPD, depression, and anxiety. To improve engagement for medically ill patients with comorbid
mental health difficulties, clinicians should explore patients’ attitudes about their mental health within the context of
their perceived ability to cope with their medical disease. 相似文献
582.
Cracchiolo JR Mori T Nazian SJ Tan J Potter H Arendash GW 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2007,88(3):277-294
Although social, physical, and cognitive activities have each been suggested to reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD), epidemiologic studies cannot determine which activity or combination of activities is most important. To address this question, mutant APP transgenic AD mice were reared long-term in one of four housing conditions (impoverished, social, social+physical, or complete enrichment) from 1(1/2) through 9 months of age. Thus, a stepwise layering of social, physical, and enhanced cognitive activity was created. Behavioral evaluation in a full battery of sensorimotor, anxiety, and cognitive tasks was carried out during the final 5 weeks of housing. Only AD mice raised in complete enrichment (i.e., enhanced cognitive activity) showed: (1) protection against cognitive impairment, (2) decreased brain beta-amyloid deposition, and (3) increased hippocampal synaptic immunoreactivity. The protection provided by enhanced cognitive activity spanned multiple cognitive domains (working memory, reference learning, and recognition/identification). Cognitive and neurohistologic benefits of complete enrichment occurred without any changes in blood cytokine or corticosterone levels, suggesting that enrichment-dependent mechanisms do not involve changes in the inflammatory response or stress levels, respectively. These results indicate that the enhanced cognitive activity of complete enrichment is required for cognitive and neurologic benefit to AD mice-physical and/or social activity are insufficient. Thus, our data suggest that humans who emphasize a high lifelong level of cognitive activity (over and above social and physical activities) will attain the maximal environmental protection against AD. 相似文献
583.
584.
Utility of telephone assessments in an older adult population 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Telephone assessments are commonly used in mental health research and may be especially beneficial in older populations. The current study assessed the psychometric properties of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (T. J. Meyer, M. L. Miller, R. L. Metzger, & T. D. Borkovec, 1990) and the Beck Depression Inventory--II (A. T. Beck, R. A. Steer, & G. K. Brown, 1996), when administered over the telephone in an older adult population. Results indicate no differences in mean symptom level or internal consistency across two modes of administration. Correlations between the in-person and telephone-administered measures and diagnostic categories suggest adequate validity of the telephone-administered measures. With this demonstrated evidence, the telephone assessment method can be applied in a variety of research and clinical settings. 相似文献
585.
586.
Paula Helen Stanley Gerald A. Juhnke William Watson Purkey 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2004,82(3):302-309
This article describes an Invitational Theory of Practice that can be used to create and maintain safe and successful schools by addressing the total culture of the educational environment. Key concepts include transforming how people communicate with each other, assessing 5 critical components of a school (people, places, programs, policies, and processes), and using a group process exercise to set goals and action plans to meet school goals. 相似文献
587.
Michael S. Cole Hubert S. Feild William F. Giles Stanley G. Harris 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2004,12(4):363-367
Using data collected from 244 recruiters who reviewed resumes and made dispositional inferences and hiring recommendations for 122 entry‐level job applicants, we found that type of job opening (Holland's Conventional vs. Enterprising jobs) moderated relationships between recruiter inferences of applicant personality traits and recruiter judgments of applicant employability. Results showed Conscientiousness correlated with employability ratings for Conventional jobs (e.g., accounting) while extraversion was most associated with employability ratings for Enterprising jobs (e.g., marketing). 相似文献
588.
循证医学论争的哲学分析(上) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ScottRSehon DonaldEStanley 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2004,25(2):21-24
首先,我们认为EBM的支持者对EBM的定义过于宽泛,甚至是空洞的,这正是当前的有关讨论不明朗的原因;对此我们提出了一种更明晰的解释,重新阐述EBM的含义及与其他医学方法的关系.第二,EBM的支持者通常依据ThomasKuhn的哲学著作来说明EBM是一种Kuhn式的"范式转化";我们认为,这种说明是一种严重的错误,并且使有关EBM的争论过度的偏离常轨.第三,我们建议以W.V.Quine的信仰之网的哲学观念来理解EBM及其与其他医学方法的关系,这是一种更富有成果的理解方式.基于这种理解,我们认为EBM是一种与其他的医学有着重大差异的医学方法. 相似文献
589.
Patricia M. Averill Gretchen J. Diefenbach Melinda A. Stanley Joy K. Breckenridge Beth Lusby 《Personality and individual differences》2002,32(8)
The relationship between measures of shame, guilt, and psychopathology was examined in a heterogeneous inpatient sample (n=82) using the Test of Self-Conscious Affect (TOSCA) and the Personal Feelings Questionnaire-2 (PFQ-2). It was predicted that both shame scales would correlate positively with measures of psychopathology. This hypothesis was supported in bivariate analyses, however, when partialed for each respective guilt scale, only the TOSCA maintained significant associations with measures of psychopathology. It was predicted that only the PFQ-2 guilt scale would correlate positively with measures of psychopathology, and this hypothesis was supported in both bivariate analyses and partial correlations, controlling for shame scores. These findings support previous work, suggesting that the TOSCA and PFQ-2 guilt scales assess different constructs of guilt. Methodological issues of shame and guilt assessment with psychiatric patients also are discussed. 相似文献
590.
Establishing derived categorical responding in children with disabilities using the PEAK‐E curriculum 下载免费PDF全文
Mark R. Dixon Jordan Belisle Caleb R. Stanley Ryan C. Speelman Kyle E. Rowsey Dena Kime Jacob H. Daar 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2017,50(1):134-145
The purpose of the study was to evaluate a procedure to generate derived categorical responding by three children with disabilities and to promote the emergence of untrained intraverbal categorical responses. In the study, three 4‐member equivalence classes including three stimuli (A, B, and C) and a category name (D) for each class were trained using a match‐to‐sample procedure. Test probes were conducted for categorical responding, including both a trained (D‐A) and two derived (D‐B, D‐C) relational responses, as well as the emergence of untrained intraverbal categorical responding (D‐A/B/C) throughout the study. Relational training was effective at promoting the emergence of categorical responding, and two of the three participants demonstrated the emergence of additional intraverbal responding without prior training. The results provide further evidence supporting the practical utility of stimulus equivalence as well as the PEAK‐E curriculum. 相似文献