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131.
132.
Stanisŀaw J. Surma 《Studia Logica》1973,31(1):139-141
Allatum est die 15 Julii 1971 相似文献
133.
134.
Bogusław Iwanuś 《Studia Logica》1969,24(1):131-137
135.
Wiesław Dziobiak 《Studia Logica》1983,42(2-3):173-177
We prove that each proper ideal in the lattice of axiomatic, resp. standard strengthenings of the intuitionistic propositional logic is of cardinality 2?0. But, each proper ideal in the lattice of structural strengthenings of the intuitionistic propositional logic is of cardinality 22?0. As a corollary we have that each of these three lattices has no atoms. 相似文献
136.
137.
S. Kaczorowski 《Studia Logica》1962,13(1):37-38
Summary The theory of relations presented in this article consists of the general and the special theory of relations. The formulae
of the former are meaningful and its laws valid for relations of any type. The meaningfulness of expressions and the validity
of laws of the latter are restricted to relations of a certain special type. The special theory of relations is distinguished
from the applied theory of relations. The applied theory of relations is the general theory applied to relations of a special
type, the difference between the general and the applied being in the form of the variables. The special theory of relations
and the applied theory, when concerned with relations of the same special type, may differ with respect to the form of constants
without differing with respect to variables. 相似文献
138.
139.
Puzyński S 《Science and engineering ethics》2004,10(1):135-142
The paper presents major ethical, legal and methodological problems related to the use of placebo in mental disorders, especially
in depression. It is pointed out that although authoritative groups of experts and numerous publications in the field of psychopharmacology
indicate advisability of the double blind design with placebo in clinical trials of antidepressants, in recent years there
have been more and more voices questioning legitimacy of this method. Objections of an ethical nature are raised, and reliability
of this approach is put into doubt from the methodological viewpoint. These issues are discussed in more detail in the paper.
Available alternative solutions should be implemented in psychotropic drug studies. The author shares these objections and
doubts of an ethical nature, and believes that the placebo procedure is not a necessity in clinical trials of antidepressants.
An earlier version of this paper was presented at an international conference, “Placebo: Its Action and Place in Health Research
Today,” held in Warsaw, Poland on 12–13 April, 2003. 相似文献
140.