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351.
Lewis Donohew Rick Zimmerman Pamela S. Cupp Scott Novak Susan Colon Ritta Abell 《Personality and individual differences》2000,28(6)
In an HIV prevention study, 2949 ninth-grade students in 17 high schools in two Midwestern U.S. cities were administered scales measuring sensation seeking and impulsive decision-making and their separate and combined relationships to a number of indicators of sexual risk-taking. Measures of sexual risk-taking included intentions to have sex, ever had sex, number of lifetime sexual partners, been pregnant or caused a pregnancy, used a condom, used marijuana, had unwanted sex when drunk, had unwanted sex under pressure, said no to sex, used alcohol or partner used alcohol before sex. Strong associations were observed between each of the measures and sexual risk-taking for most of the indicators. Strongest associations were found among sexually active students high on both sensation seeking and impulsive decision-making and weakest associations among students low on both measures. Implications for design of interventions in health campaigns are discussed. 相似文献
352.
Exposure to Community Violence: Defining the Problem and Understanding the Consequences 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Stacy Overstreet 《Journal of child and family studies》2000,9(1):7-25
Exposure to community violence has emerged as a major risk factor for the development of emotional and behavioral problems in children and adolescents. In the past decade, there has been a proliferation of research within the fields of medicine, sociology, and psychology documenting the rates and consequences of exposure to community violence. This interdisciplinary growth has led to a great deal of variability within the field of exposure to community violence, making it difficult to glean general conclusions regarding rates and impact of exposure. This review advances the current understanding of exposure to community violence by integrating findings across disciplines as well as reviewing the few studies that have provided initial explanatory information regarding mediators and moderators of the relationship between exposure to community violence and its associated outcomes. 相似文献
353.
354.
Michael J. Zimmerman 《Ethical Theory and Moral Practice》2009,12(4):429-439
The ancient question of what a good life consists in is currently the focus of intense debate. There are two aspects to this
debate: the first concerns how the concept of a good life is to be understood; the second concerns what kinds of life fall
within the extension of this concept. In this paper, I will attend only to the first, conceptual aspect and not to the second,
substantive aspect. More precisely, I will address the preliminary, underlying question of how to understand what it is in
general for something to be good for someone, from which an understanding of the more particular concept of a good life may
be derived.
相似文献
Michael J. ZimmermanEmail: |
355.
Matthew M. Botvinick Stacy Huffstetler Joseph T. McGuire 《Cognitive, affective & behavioral neuroscience》2009,9(1):16-27
A great deal of behavioral and economic research suggests that the value attached to a reward stands in inverse relation to
the amount of effort required to obtain it, a principle known as effort discounting. In the present article, we present the
first direct evidence for a neural analogue of effort discounting. We used fMRI to measure neural responses to monetary rewards
in the human nucleus accumbens (NAcc), a structure previously demonstrated to encode reference-dependent reward information.
The magnitude of accumbens activation was found to vary with both reward outcome and the degree of mental effort demanded
to obtain individual rewards. For a fixed level of reward, the NAcc was less strongly activated following a high-demand for
effort than following a low demand. The magnitude of this effect was noted to correlate with preceding activation in the dorsal
anterior cingulate cortex, a region that has been proposed to monitor information-processing demands and to mediate in the
subjective experience of effort. 相似文献
356.
Patrick H. Zimmerman J. Elizabeth Bolhuis Albert Willemsen Erik S. Meyer Lucas P. J. J. Noldus 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(3):731-735
The Observer was originally developed as a manual event recorder for the collection, management, analysis, and presentation
of observational data in animals. Because of the flexibility of later versions, it became clear that The Observer was suitable
for almost any study involving collection of observational data in both animals and humans. Furthermore, the most recent version
of The Observer (The Observer XT) allows the integration and synchronization of multimodal signals from various sources, such
as observational, video, tracking, and physiological data. This article describes how The Observer XT was used to integrate
and synchronize video, observational, tracking, and physiological data from an experiment carried out in 2001 at the Wageningen
Institute of Animal Sciences of Wageningen University and Research Centre. The integration and synchronization of these multimodal
signals in The Observer XT allows the user to draw a more complete picture of the phenomena under study. 相似文献
357.
Erin Phelps Stacy Zimmerman A.E.A. Warren Helena Jeli
i Alexander von Eye Richard M. Lerner 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》2009,30(5):571
Using data from Grades 5 to 7 of the longitudinal 4-H Study of Positive Youth Development (PYD), this research assessed the structure and development of PYD. Building on Grade 5 findings, that “Five Cs” (Competence, Confidence, Connection, Character, and Caring) could be empirically defined as latent constructs converging on a second-order construct, labeled PYD, we used structural models to assess the fit of this original model for Grades 5, 6, and 7. Results indicated that PYD continued to be a robust construct that can be defined comparably for Grades 6 and 7, as it was in Grade 5. We discuss implications for future research and for applications of the finding that, across the three years of early adolescence that we assessed (about ages 10 to 12), there is continuity in the structure of PYD. 相似文献
358.
359.
Kathryn A. Coronges Alan W. Stacy Thomas W. Valente 《Journal of applied social psychology》2007,37(9):2097-2129
The cognitive associative structure of 2 populations was studied using network analysis of free‐word associations. Structural differences in the associative networks were compared using measures of network centralization, size, density, clustering, and path length. These measures are closely aligned with cognitive theories describing the organization of knowledge and retrieval of concepts from memory. Size and centralization of semantic structures were larger for college students than for 7th graders, while density, clustering, and mean path length were similar. Findings presented reveal that subpopulations might have very different cognitive associative networks. This study suggests that graph theory and network analysis methods are useful in mapping differences in associative structures across groups. 相似文献
360.
INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE PERPETRATED BY COLLEGE WOMEN WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF A HISTORY OF VICTIMIZATION 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
Kelly N. Graves Stacy M. Sechrist Jacquelyn W. White Matthew J. Paradise 《Psychology of women quarterly》2005,29(3):278-289
Using a longitudinal design, the current study explored intimate partner violence perpetration among 1,300 college women within the context of one's history of physical and sexual victimization across 4 years of college. Structural equation modeling indicated that sexual victimization does not predict concurrent use of women's intimate partner violence but does predict subsequent use of women's intimate partner violence during the later years of college. In contrast, physical victimization is associated positively with concurrent use of women's intimate partner violence but is negatively associated with subsequent use of women's intimate partner violence for women. Furthermore, the negative relationship of victimization to subsequent perpetration primarily is due to those with high levels of victimization histories. The present study provides the first model of intimate partner violence within the context of victimization history using longitudinal data. The findings indicate that women's intimate partner violence perpetration is not context-free, but rather is influenced by their own physical and sexual victimization histories. 相似文献