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61.
Thomas F. Sawyer Peter J. Meyers Stacy J. Huser 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1994,56(6):649-657
Four experiments were performed to assess the effects of task differences on duration judgments. Experiments 1 and 2 used the method of reproduction in prospective, within-subjects designs; their results supported previous research on the effects of task difficulty. Both experiments, using tasks that varied along somewhat different dimensions, found that subjects provided reproduction values that varied inversely with task difficulty. That is, while subjects tended to underreproduce across all tasks, the more difficult the task performed during the target interval, the greater the extent of the under-reproduction. Experiments 3 and 4 used a modification of the reproduction method by placing demands upon the subjects during both the target interval and the reproduction phase of each trial; they demonstrated that the greater the degree of contrast between demands made by the task performed during the target interval and those made during reproduction, the less accurate the duration reproduction. The results are discussed in terms of the contextual and resource allocation models of duration estimation. 相似文献
62.
James Allen Billy Charles Carlotta Ching Ting Fok KyungSook Lee Andrew Grogan-Kaylor Qungasvik Team Stacy Rasmus 《American journal of community psychology》2023,71(1-2):184-197
We examined the effectiveness of the Qungasvik (Tools for Life) intervention in enhancing protective factors as a universal suicide and alcohol prevention strategy for young people ages 12−18 living in highly affected rural Alaska Native communities. Four communities were assigned to immediate intervention or to a dynamic wait list. Outcomes were analyzed for 239 young people at four time points over two years of community intervention. Outcomes assessed two ultimate variable protective factors buffering suicide and alcohol risk, and three intermediate variable protective factors at the individual, family, and community level. Dose dependent intervention effects were associated with growth in ultimate but not intermediate variables. This evaluation of the Qungasvik intervention provides support for the effectiveness of its Indigenous strategies for suicide and alcohol misuse prevention in this rural Alaska Native setting. Though findings did not provide support for a theory of change where growth in ultimate variables is occasioned through effects on intermediate variables, research designs focused on young people who enter intervention at lower levels of preexisting protection hold promise for better understanding of intervention change processes. The Qungasvik intervention is responsive to an acute public health need for effective rural Alaska Native suicide and alcohol risk prevention strategies. 相似文献
63.
This study examined the function of approach and avoidant coping on the relations between exposure to violence and post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The sample included seventy African-American, inner-city children (ages eleven to fourteen).
Tests of moderating effects investigated the mechanism of two avoidant coping strategies, cognitive distraction and behavioral
avoidance. Cognitive distraction was found to moderate the level of violence exposure such that, as violence increased, the
use of cognitive distraction was related to an increased frequency of cognitive arousal. Behavioral avoidance moderated violence
such that, under higher exposure to violence, the lowered use of behavioral avoidance was related to an increased frequency
of behavioral arousal. Tests of moderating effects examined the function of two approach strategies, problem-solving and social
support. Neither strategy showed significant effects. This study provided a first-step in the examination of coping within
inner-city children.
Portions of this research were supported by a grant from the U. S. Department of
Portions of this research were supported by a grant from the U. S. Department of
Portions of this research were supported by a grant from the U. S. Department of 相似文献
64.
Margaret Dempsey Ph.D. Overstreet Stacy Barbara Moely 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2000,19(1):28-45
This study examined the function of approach and avoidant coping on the relations between exposure to violence and post-traumatic
stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. The sample included seventy African-American, inner-city children (ages eleven to fourteen).
Tests of moderating effects investigated the mechanism of two avoidant coping strategies, cognitive distraction and behavioral
avoidance. Cognitive distraction was found to moderate the level of violence exposure such that, as violence increased, the
use of cognitive distraction was related to an increased frequency of cognitive arousal. Behavioral avoidance moderated violence
such that, under higher exposure to violence, the lowered use of behavioral avoidance was related to an increased frequency
of behavioral arousal. Tests of moderating effects examined the function of two approach strategies, problem-solving and social
support. Neither strategy showed significant effects. This study provided a first-step in the examination of coping within
inner-city children.
Portions of this research were supported by a grant from the U. S. Department of
Portions of this research were supported by a grant from the U. S. Department of
Portions of this research were supported by a grant from the U. S. Department of 相似文献
65.
Robert J. Townsend Stacy Caron Bacigalupi Melinda C. Blackman 《Journal of research in personality》2007
Two studies were conducted to determine if lay judges could accurately assess another individual’s integrity level when using overt and covert integrity inventories. In Study 1, participants took part in simulated employment interviews and then both the participants and lay interviewers completed an overt integrity test comparable to the Reid Report integrity survey [Reid London House. (2004). Abbreviated Reid Report. Minneapolis, MN: NCS Pearson]. Self-lay judge agreement and peer-lay judge agreement were used as the criteria for accuracy. In Study 2, participants took part in either a simulated structured, unstructured or informal employment interview format and completed both overt and covert integrity inventories. The results suggest that lay judges (as well as acquaintances) are fairly accurate in assessing others’ integrity levels based upon a very brief 10-min interaction with an individual, when using either an overt or covert integrity inventory. The findings also suggest that the informal interview format can significantly enhance the accuracy of a lay-judge’s assessment of the participant’s integrity level when a covert measure of integrity is used. 相似文献
66.
Leslie D Berkelhammer Adrienne L Williamson Stacy D Sanford Courtney L Dirksen William G Sharp Allison S Margulies Rebecca A Prengler 《Child neuropsychology》2007,13(2):120-131
This literature review summarizes all studies relating neuropsychological performance to neuroimaging findings in pediatric sickle cell disease (N=28; published 1991-2005). Although inconsistencies exist within and across domains, deficits in intelligence (IQ), attention and executive functions, memory, language, visuomotor abilities, and academic achievement have been identified. Overall neurocognitive compromise was revealed to be related to the level of neurological injury and the location of silent infarct. Attentional and executive dysfunction is prevalent and related to frontal lobe abnormalities. 相似文献
67.
Consumers’ purchase decisions are often influenced by a simple assessment of how long they expect an anticipated purchase (e.g., buying a sports car or a new outfit) will make them happy. Unfortunately, affective forecasts are prone to durability bias (i.e., the overes‐timation of the duration of felt emotions in response to a future event). Here, this article suggests that normative beliefs, or “feeling rules,” often underlie emotion forecasts. This account suggests that affective forecasts can be influenced by external normative communications and that conditions exist where affect duration may be underestimated rather than overestimated—thus demonstrating a reversal of durability bias. Such reversals occur when existing norms advocate attenuated emotional responses (e.g., one should not be overly impacted by minor setbacks or small imperfections). This article discusses how marketers can influence consumers’ happiness forecasts by modifying salient norms for consumer groups or product categories. 相似文献
68.
A pilot study of cognitive-behavioral therapy of insomnia in people with mild depression 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In some cases, insomnia and depression may have a reciprocal relationship, in which each aggravates and maintains the other. To test the hypothesis that reduction of insomnia would result in reduction of depression in patients (N=10) with both disorders, a repeated-measures design was used comparing depression and insomnia levels before and after 6 sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy of insomnia. Posttreatment, 100% of completers (n=8) had a normalized sleeping pattern, and 87.5% had normalized depression scores. Significant posttreatment improvement was seen in sleep onset latency (-31 min), wake time after sleep onset (-24 min), total sleep time (+65 min), sleep efficiency (+14%), and sleep quality (+19%), which was maintained at 3-month follow-up. A decreasing trend occurred in depression scores from pre- to posttreatment, which reached significance at 3-month follow-up. Intent-to-treat analyses showed similar results. 相似文献
69.
70.
Stacy Banwell 《Journal of Modern Jewish Studies》2016,15(2):208-227
Rape and sexual violence against Jewish women is a relatively unexplored area of investigation. This article adds to the scant literature on this topic. It asks: how and why did women's reproductive bodies (gender), combined with their status as Jews (race), make them particularly vulnerable during the Holocaust? The law against Rassenschande (racial defilement) prohibited sexual relations between Aryans and non-Aryans. Yet, Jewish women were raped by German men. Providing a more nuanced account than is provided by the dehumanization thesis, this article argues that women were targeted precisely because of their Jewishness and their reproductive capabilities. In addition, this piece proposes that the genocidal attack on women's bodies in the form of rape (subsequently leading to the murder of impregnated women) and sexualized violence (forced abortions and forced sterilizations) must be interpreted as an attack on an essentialized group: woman-as-Jew. 相似文献