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211.
THE PERCEIVED IMPORTANCE OF DEVELOPMENTAL RELATIONSHIPS ON WOMEN UNDERGRADUATES' PURSUIT OF SCIENCE 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Roberta A. Downing Faye J. Crosby Stacy Blake-Beard 《Psychology of women quarterly》2005,29(4):419-426
Using a survey of women science majors, we tested the assumption that women mentors and other women guides help women students pursue the sciences. The survey explicitly distinguished among three types of guides: mentors (who provide psychosocial support), sponsors (who provide instrumental support), and role models (who act as examples) encountered before and during college. We found that over 90% of the women had a guide of one type or another, that mentors were most influential to women's pursuit of science, and that guides during college were more influential than guides prior to college. Participants reported having more female than male guides overall, but that some of the most influential guides were men. 相似文献
212.
Henning Hahn 《Journal of Global Ethics》2017,13(3):298-311
This article applies the idea of political reconciliation to current debates on the role and legitimacy of global governance. My underlying thesis is that the idea of reconciliation fits better with the non-ideal circumstances of global injustice. To this end, I will first of all develop a three-tiered model of political reconciliation and introduce the related concept of restorative justice. I will then look at some of the most obvious forms of international and global injustice – historical injustice, economic exploitation, and political domination – and argue that a normative theory of political reconciliation provides better proposals for feasible global governance reforms than do theories of corrective, retributive, or distributive justice. Finally, I will make a few comments on the role of political philosophy as a medium of ‘narrative reconciliation’. 相似文献
213.
Stacy?Ling Renee?O.?HawkinsEmail author Denise?Weber 《Journal of Behavioral Education》2011,20(2):103-116
When students display disruptive behaviors, it interferes with their own, and other students’ learning and with the teacher’s
ability to instruct during academic activities. This study investigated the effects of a classwide interdependent group contingency
on the on/off-task behaviors of an at-risk student in a first-grade classroom in a private Midwestern school. The student
was referred for intervention due to his high rates of off-task behavior and low levels of academic engagement. An ABAB withdrawal
design was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention to improve the target student’s behavior as well as that
of his classroom peers. Results suggested that the intervention decreased the individual student’s off-task behavior and increased
academic engagement while also having positive effects on overall behavior in the classroom. 相似文献
214.
Deaf children with cochlear implants (CIs) represent an intriguing opportunity to study neurocognitive plasticity and reorganization when sound is introduced following a period of auditory deprivation early in development. Although it is common to consider deafness as affecting hearing alone, it may be the case that auditory deprivation leads to more global changes in neurocognitive function. In this paper, we investigate implicit sequence learning abilities in deaf children with CIs using a novel task that measured learning through improvement to immediate serial recall for statistically consistent visual sequences. The results demonstrated two key findings. First, the deaf children with CIs showed disturbances in their visual sequence learning abilities relative to the typically developing normal-hearing children. Second, sequence learning was significantly correlated with a standardized measure of language outcome in the CI children. These findings suggest that a period of auditory deprivation has secondary effects related to general sequencing deficits, and that disturbances in sequence learning may at least partially explain why some deaf children still struggle with language following cochlear implantation. 相似文献
215.
216.
Professor Director Alan R. Felthous M.D. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Henning Sa? 《Forensische Psychiatrie, Psychologie, Kriminologie》2011,5(3):136-144
This article analyses the problem of bias and confirmatory bias in the diagnostic process. The analysis is situated mainly within the context of the legal system in the United States but also with consideration of the situation in Germany. Special attention is given to the conceptual history and the development of modern operational classifications, particularly the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) system. 相似文献
217.
Yee E Huffstetler S Thompson-Schill SL 《Journal of experimental psychology. General》2011,140(3):348-363
Most theories of semantic memory characterize knowledge of a given object as comprising a set of semantic features. But how does conceptual activation of these features proceed during object identification? We present the results of a pair of experiments that demonstrate that object recognition is a dynamically unfolding process in which function follows form. We used eye movements to explore whether activating one object's concept leads to the activation of others that share perceptual (shape) or abstract (function) features. Participants viewed 4-picture displays and clicked on the picture corresponding to a heard word. In critical trials, the conceptual representation of 1 of the objects in the display was similar in shape or function (i.e., its purpose) to the heard word. Importantly, this similarity was not apparent in the visual depictions (e.g., for the target Frisbee, the shape-related object was a triangular slice of pizza, a shape that a Frisbee cannot take); preferential fixations on the related object were therefore attributable to overlap of the conceptual representations on the relevant features. We observed relatedness effects for both shape and function, but shape effects occurred earlier than function effects. We discuss the implications of these findings for current accounts of the representation of semantic memory. 相似文献
218.
Jacob D. Christenson D. Russell Crane McArthur HafenJr. Stacy Hamilton G. Bruce Schaalje 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2011,33(4):441-460
A number of studies have examined variables associated with health care use. However, no study is known to have considered
health care use among people seeking services for marital and family problems. In this study, health care use of persons (N = 110)
seeking these services was investigated to determine the strongest psychosocial correlates of health care use. The goal was
to identify potential “targets” of clinical intervention that may be driving excessive health care use. “Informational support”
and “somatization” were the strongest correlates for the complete sample, with the model explaining 24% of the variance in
health care use. For “high users” of health care, “hostility” was the strongest correlate, accounting for more than 36% of
the variance in health care use. 相似文献
219.
James Snyder Sabina Low Tara Schultz Stacy Barner Desirae Moreno Meladee Garst Ryan Leiker Nathan Swink Lynn Schrepferman 《Journal of applied developmental psychology》2011,32(6):336
Teachers from fourteen classrooms were randomly assigned to an adaptation of Incredible Years (IY) teacher training or to teacher training-as-usual. Observations were made of the behavior of 136 target preschool boys and girls nominated by teachers as having many or few conduct problems. Peer and teacher behavior were observed at baseline and post training. IY training resulted in increases in teachers' positive and reductions in teachers' negative behavior relative to training as usual, in decreased peer negative behavior toward target children, and in decreased negative behavior of target children high on conduct problems. The impact of IY training on the behavior of target children was mediated by changes in peers' behavior with no direct effects of teacher behavior and differential effects for high and low conduct problem children. Teacher training focused on altering the whole classroom environment may be an effective strategy, even for children with significant conduct problems. 相似文献
220.
Stacy C. Parenteau Sheryle Gallant Irene Sarosiek Richard W. McCallum 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2006,13(1):46-53
Hope, depressive symptoms, anxiety, and physical quality of life (QOL) were assessed in three subgroups of patients receiving the gastric pacemaker. Patients (n = 22) completed questionnaires prior to pacemaker implantation and at 3 and 6 months post-surgery. The idiopathic subgroup reported a significantly greater degree of hope and less anxiety at 6-month follow-up, compared to the diabetes patients. The idiopathic patients also reported significantly less anxiety at 6 months than the postsurgical patients. Across all subgroups, there was an increase in hope and physical QOL, and decrease in depressive symptoms and anxiety, from baseline levels. There was a significant negative relationship between hope and both depressive symptoms and anxiety at baseline and 3- and 6-month follow-up. Presurgical hope level did not significantly predict depressive symptoms or anxiety after implantation. This study provides evidence that the pacemaker improves the physical and psychological health of gastropareutic patients; hope appears to play a role in the psychological adjustment of these patients. 相似文献