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201.
Jacoby, Shimizu, Daniels, and Rhodes (Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 12, 852–857, 2005) showed that new words presented as foils among a list of old words that had been deeply encoded were themselves subsequently
better recognized than new words presented as foils among a list of old words that had been shallowly encoded. In Experiment
1, by substituting a deep-versus-shallow imagery manipulation for the levels-of-processing manipulation, we demonstrated that
the effect is robust and that it generalizes, also occurring with a different type of encoding. In Experiment 2, we provided
more direct evidence for context-related encoding during tests of deeply encoded words, showing enhanced priming for foils
presented among deeply encoded targets when participants made the same deep-encoding judgments on those items as had been
made on the targets during study. In Experiment 3, we established that the findings from Experiment 2 are restricted to this
specific deep judgment task and are not a general consequence of these foils being associated with deeply encoded items. These
findings provide support for the source-constrained retrieval hypothesis of Jacoby, Shimizu, Daniels, and Rhodes: New information
can be influenced by how surrounding items are encoded and retrieved, as long as the surrounding items recruit a coherent
mode of processing. 相似文献
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204.
Two studies examined how adopting an impression formation or evaluative concern mindset affects individuals' own and their interaction partner's experience of potentially stressful social exchanges, such as first meeting situations and interethnic interaction. Our main hypothesis was that adopting an impression formation mindset would, by diverting individuals' focus away from themselves and toward others, reduce both their own and their partner's cognitive resource depletion and negative affect. Consistent with predictions, positive effects of impression formation were evident and were “contagious” in that they were evident across individuals who received the mindset instructions and their partners, who were unaware of the manipulation. The positive effects of impression formation instructions were generally evident both in comparison to evaluative concern instructions, which provided similar structure, and in comparison to no instructions at all. Thus, adopting an impression formation mindset seems an effective strategy for minimizing negative outcomes experienced in stressful social interactions. 相似文献
205.
Intergroup theories suggest that different social identities will either discourage or encourage the taking of action against discrimination (Bartky, 1977; Jost & Banaji, 1994). However, research (e.g., Branscombe, 1998) has shown that discrimination is a less negative experience for men than for women. As such, it is possible that men may take greater action than women, regardless of identity. However, men's response to their perceived disadvantage had not yet been tested. Among those induced to ascribe to a gendered stereotype identity, men endorsed more action than women did. Among those induced to ascribe to an identity based on a gendered social experience, women endorsed marginally more action than men did. Differences in responses are proposed to be a function of the different efficacy levels developed by each gender within each social identity. 相似文献
206.
Keith Millis Hyun-Jeong Joyce Kim Stacey Todaro Joseph P Magliano Katja Wiemer-Hastings Danielle S McNamara 《Behavior research methods, instruments & computers》2004,36(2):213-221
We explored methods of using latent semantic analysis (LSA) to identify reading strategies in students' self-explanations that are collected as part of a Web-based reading trainer. In this study, college students self-explained scientific texts, one sentence at a time. ISA was used to measure the similarity between the self-explanations and semantic benchmarks (groups of words and sentences that together represent reading strategies). Three types of semantic benchmarks were compared: content words, exemplars, and strategies. Discriminant analyses were used to classify global and specific reading strategies using the LSA cosines. All benchmarks contributed to the classification of general reading strategies, but the exemplars did the best in distinguishing subtle semantic differences between reading strategies. Pragmatic and theoretical concerns of using LSA are discussed. 相似文献
207.
Steve Allison Kathleen Stacey Vicki Dadds Leigh Roeger rew Wood Graham Martin 《Journal of Family Therapy》2003,25(3):263-284
Families attending child and adolescent mental health (CAMH) services are often assumed to have problems in key areas such as communication, belonging/acceptance and problem-solving. Family therapy is often directed towards addressing these difficulties. With increasing emphasis in family therapy and human services fields over the last decade on identifying and building from strengths, a different starting point has been advocated. This paper describes a large survey of the self-reported pre-therapy functioning of children and families using a public CAMH service (n=416). Before commencing family therapy parents identified family strengths across a range of key areas, despite the burden of caring for children with moderate to severe mental health problems. This evidence supports theoretical and clinical work that advocates a strengths perspective, and highlights how resilience framed in family (and social) rather than individual terms enables a greater appreciation of how strengths may be harnessed in therapeutic work. 相似文献
208.
Daughters SB Magidson JF Schuster RM Safren SA 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2010,17(3):309-321
The two most common comorbid conditions with HIV are substance use disorders and depression, and individuals with comorbid HIV, depression, and substance dependence face a more chronic and treatment-resistant course. As an example of how to adapt evidence-based approaches to a complex comorbid population, the current case study examined the integration of a combined depression and HIV medication adherence treatment. The resulting intervention, ACT HEALTHY, combines a brief behavioral activation approach specifically developed to treat depression in individuals receiving residential substance abuse treatment (LETS ACT; Daughters et al., 2008) with a brief cognitive-behavioral approach to improving HIV medication adherence (Life-Steps; Safren et al., 1999; Safren et al., 2009). The current case series demonstrates the use of ACT HEALTHY among 3 depressed HIV-positive, low-income African Americans entering residential substance abuse treatment. 相似文献
209.
210.
Cheavens JS Zachary Rosenthal M Daughters SB Nowak J Kosson D Lynch TR Lejuez CW 《Behaviour research and therapy》2005,43(2):257-268
The current study examined the relationships among biological predisposition, social environment, emotion regulation, and features characteristic of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). Using an analogue sample, we examined whether thought suppression mediated the relationship of negative affective intensity/reactivity and perceived parental criticism with a composite of BPD features including impulsivity, interpersonal sensitivity, and aggression. Results indicated that thought suppression fully mediated the relationship between negative affect intensity/reactivity and BPD features and partially mediated the relationship between BPD features and perceived parental criticism. Clinical implications, directions for further research, and limitations of the present study are discussed. 相似文献