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Are infant attachment patterns continuously or categorically distributed? A taxometric analysis of strange situation behavior 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Contemporary attachment research is based on the assumption that at least three types of infant attachment patterns exist: secure, avoidant, and resistant. It is not known, however, whether individual differences in attachment organization are more consistent with a continuous or a categorical model. The authors addressed this issue by applying P. E. Meehl's (1973, 1992) taxometric techniques for distinguishing latent types (i.e., classes, natural kinds) from latent continua (i.e., dimensions) to Strange Situation data on 1,139 fifteen-month-old children from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care. The results indicate that variation in attachment patterns is largely continuous, not categorical. The discussion focuses on the implications of dimensional models of individual differences for attachment theory and research. 相似文献
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The anterior ventral third ventricle (AV3V) region of the brain contains high concentrations of mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) and glucocorticoid receptors (GR) that are important in the maintenance of body fluid and electrolyte balance as well as other physiological processes. Daily intracerebroventricular pulse injections of MR antisense oligonucleotides significantly suppressed deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA) induced salt appetite in a dose-related manner. Similar administration of GR antisense or scrambled/sense oligonucleotide into the third ventricle failed to inhibit salt appetite. Salt appetite aroused after adrenalectomy was not suppressed by MR antisense oligonucleotide treatments but was suppressed by an antisense oligonucleotide directed against the angiotensin II AT1 receptor subtype. Receptor binding analysis demonstrated that MR and GR oligonucleotide treatments each reduced their respective receptor subtypes. Finally, although GR antisense oligonucleotide treatment was ineffective in suppressing DOCA-induced salt appetite, this treatment did increase stress induced corticosterone release as well as delayed the recovery of corticosterone to basal levels after stress. 相似文献
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Robert Murray SJ 《新多明我会修道士》2004,85(996):158-162
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Jessica Vando Dana M. Rhule-Louie Robert J. McMahon Susan J. Spieker 《Journal of child and family studies》2008,17(5):615-628
Abtract We examined the extent to which infant attachment status is directly related to child conduct problems 6 years later, and
assessed the potential mediating roles of hostile parenting and maternal depression. The sample included 84 adolescent mothers
and their children (45 girls, 39 boys). Infant attachment status was assessed using the Strange Situation when the study children
were 1-year-old. Hostile parenting was coded during a parent–child interaction task when the study children were 4.5-years-old.
Maternal depression was self-rated, also when the study children were 4.5-years-old, using the Beck Depression Inventory.
Mothers reported child conduct problems at Grade 1 on the Child Behavior Checklist. Infant attachment status at 1 year of
age was directly related to child conduct problems but not to hostile parenting or maternal depression. Neither hostile parenting
nor maternal depression mediated the relationship between infant attachment status and child conduct problems. However, the
pattern of relations differed by attachment security. For securely attached children, maternal depression, but not hostile
parenting, was directly related to conduct problems. For insecurely attached children, hostile parenting, but not maternal
depression, was directly related to child conduct problems. Implications for intervention and future research are discussed. 相似文献