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111.
THE EYE OF THE BEGETTER: PREDICTING INFANT ATTACHMENT DISORGANIZATION FROM WOMEN'S PRENATAL INTERPRETATIONS OF INFANT FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
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Rosemary E. Bernstein Catherine M. Tenedios Heidemarie K. Laurent Jeffery R. Measelle Jennifer C. Ablow 《Infant mental health journal》2014,35(3):233-244
Infant–caregiver attachment disorganization has been linked to many long‐term negative psychosocial outcomes. While various prevention programs appear to be effective in preventing disorganized attachment, methods currently used to identify those at risk are unfortunately either overly general or impractical. The current investigation tested whether women's prenatal biases in identifying infant expressions of emotion—tendencies previously shown to relate to some of the maternal variables associated with infant attachment, including maternal traumatization, trauma symptoms, and maternal sensitivity—could predict infant attachment classification at 18 months postpartum. Logistic regression analyses revealed that together with women's adult history of high betrayal traumatization, response concordance with a normative reference sample in labeling infant expressions as negatively valenced, and the number of infant facial expressions that participants classified as “sad” and “angry” predicted subsequent infant attachment security versus disorganization. Implications for screening and prevention are discussed. 相似文献
112.
Marie‐Amélie Martinie Laurent Milland Thierry Olive 《Social and Personality Psychology Compass》2013,7(9):680-688
This article provides a general overview of cognitive dissonance research with the induced compliance paradigm. We begin by describiang how dissonance affects individuals' attitude change and address issues related to measurement of attitude. Next, we describe the arousal component of dissonance, how it has been measured and the issues that have been raised about its nature. Finally, we explore the emotional component of dissonance and review different ways for measuring and identifying the negative affect associated to dissonance. We conclude by claiming that a more intensive study of the process of dissonance, and particularly of its arousal and emotional components, will allow a more in‐depth understanding of the mental processes involved in cognitive dissonance. 相似文献
113.
114.
Methods for determining the degree of similarity between relative motion plots are examined and computational methods outlined. Hypothetical examples are provided to simply illustrate the function of selected indices of pattern shape, size, and orientation. Methods of using a composite of these measures to assess asymmetry, abnormality, or refinements in motor function are discussed. Statistical procedures for determining the reliability of assessments of change in relative motions are presented. A modification to Freeman’s (1961) pattern-recognition method is suggested as a more parsimonious application to angle-angle data derived in human movement research. 相似文献
115.
Laurent Dollé Jacques Droulez Daniel Bennequin Alain Berthoz Guillaume Thibault 《Advances in cognitive psychology / University of Finance and Management in Warsaw》2015,11(4):156-162
Few studies have explored how humans memorize landmarks in complex multifloored
buildings. They have observed that participants memorize an environment either
by floors or by vertical columns, influenced by the learning path. However, the
influence of the building’s actual structure is not yet known. In order to
investigate this influence, we conducted an experiment using an object-in-place
protocol in a cylindrical building to contrast with previous experiments which
used rectilinear environments. Two groups of 15 participants were taken on a
tour with a first person perspective through a virtual cylindrical three-floored
building. They followed either a route discovering floors one at a time, or a
route discovering columns (by simulated lifts across floors). They then
underwent a series of trials, in which they viewed a camera movement reproducing
either a segment of the learning path (familiar trials), or performing a
shortcut relative to the learning trajectory (novel trials). We observed that
regardless of the learning path, participants better memorized the building by
floors, and only participants who had discovered the building by columns also
memorized it by columns. This expands on previous results obtained in a
rectilinear building, where the learning path favoured the memory of its
horizontal and vertical layout. Taken together, these results suggest that both
learning mode and an environment’s structure influence the spatial memory of
complex multifloored buildings. 相似文献
116.
Visual attention has long been known to be drawn to stimuli that are physically salient or congruent with task-specific goals. Several recent studies have shown that attention is also captured by stimuli that are neither salient nor task relevant, but that are rendered in a colour that has previously been associated with reward. We investigated whether another feature dimension—orientation—can be associated with reward via learning and thereby elicit value-driven attentional capture. In a training phase, participants received a monetary reward for identifying the colour of Gabor patches exhibiting one of two target orientations. A subsequent test phase in which no reward was delivered required participants to search for Gabor patches exhibiting one of two spatial frequencies (orientation was now irrelevant to the task). Previously rewarded orientations robustly captured attention. We conclude that reward learning can imbue features other than colour—in this case, specific orientations—with persistent value. 相似文献
117.
Brain imaging studies reliably localize a region of visual cortex that is especially responsive to visual words. This brain specialization is essential to rapid reading ability because it enhances perception of words by becoming specifically tuned to recurring properties of a writing system. The origin of this specialization poses a challenge for evolutionary accounts involving innate mechanisms for functional brain organization. We propose an alternative account, based on studies of other forms of visual expertise (i.e. bird and car experts) that lead to functional reorganization. We argue that the interplay between the unique demands of word reading and the structural constraints of the visual system lead to the emergence of the Visual Word Form Area. 相似文献
118.
Experiment 1 showed that the control mechanism based on a perception–movement coupling observed in certain goal-directed movement tasks (De Rugy, Montagne, Buekers, & Laurent, 2000; Montagne, Cornus, Glize, Quaine, & Laurent, 2000) can be extended to a stepping across an obstacle task. Regardless of the specificity of tasks, the initiation of regulations is a function of the amount of adjustment. Our participants organized their regulation later than long jumpers. Two additional experiments were conceived to investigate whether this control mechanism could be generalized to goal-directed locomotor displacements, with different constraints. The aim of Experiments 2 and 3 was to address the adaptation of this control mechanism by manipulating the obstacle width and the walking speed in a stepping across task. The results showed that the functioning of this control mechanism could be influenced by the spatiotemporal constraints. Participants' behavior depended on a perception–movement coupling. This study suggests the existence of a generic control mechanism based on a perception–movement coupling, and it emphasizes the adaptation of this type of control mechanism involved in goal-directed displacements. 相似文献
119.
Robert Sparrow 《The Journal of medical humanities》2013,34(2):177-196
Disability activists influenced by queer theory and advocates of “human enhancement” have each disputed the idea that what is “normal” is normatively significant, which currently plays a key role in the regulation of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). Previously, I have argued that the only way to avoid the implication that parents have strong reasons to select children of one sex (most plausibly, female) over the other is to affirm the moral significance of sexually dimorphic human biological norms. After outlining the logic that generates this conclusion, I investigate the extent to which it might also facilitate an alternative, progressive, opening up of the notion of the normal and of the criteria against which we should evaluate the relative merits of different forms of embodiment. This paper therefore investigates the implications of ideas derived from queer theory for the future of PGD and of PGD for the future of queerness. 相似文献
120.
Tziona Lugasi Marie Achille Tom Blydt-Hansen Marie-José Clermont Louis Geoffroy Laurent Legault Véronique Phan Lorraine E. Bell 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2013,20(3):361-372
Identity development represents a central task of adolescence. Identity achievement is characterized by a coherent sense of who one is following a period of exploration and can help navigate the challenges of adulthood. This study examined identity within a quality of life (QOL) context in 85 adolescents with a renal transplant or with Type 1 diabetes in comparison to 90 healthy controls. Results revealed significant differences in ideological identity, with patients showing higher levels of diffusion and controls showing higher levels of foreclosure. No differences with respect to interpersonal identity, QOL, perceived control over the QOL domains, and perceived opportunities for growth and development were found. Future research should assess identity and QOL over a longer period of time to determine whether differences between chronically ill and healthy young adults can be detected. 相似文献