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131.
Individual‐Oriented Relationship Education: An Evaluation Study in Community‐Based Settings 下载免费PDF全文
Pallavi D. Visvanathan Melissa Richmond Chandra Winder Cynthia Hoskins Koenck 《Family process》2015,54(4):686-702
The effects of relationship education aimed at individuals, rather than couples, have not yet been widely investigated. However, increasingly, relationship education is provided to large and diverse groups of individuals who may be in varying stages of relationships. Several programs have been developed to strengthen relationship competencies among single individuals as well as among partnered individuals who, for a variety of reasons, seek relationship education without their partners. The current study is an exploratory evaluation study that examined self‐reported outcomes for 706 single and partnered individuals who attended Within My Reach classes delivered in community‐based agencies. Participants were from diverse backgrounds and exhibited many of the risk factors for poor relationship outcomes including unemployment, low income, and childhood experience of abuse or neglect. Pre‐post analyses indicated that the program was beneficial for both singles and partnered individuals. Singles reported increased belief in ability to obtain healthy relationships. Partnered individuals reported increased relationship quality, relationship confidence, and reduced conflict. Regardless of relationship status, participants also reported improvement in general relationship and communication skill. Results support the utility of individual‐oriented relationship education for singles and partnered individuals with diverse background characteristics. 相似文献
132.
Cristina Günther-Bel Anna Vilaregut Eduard Carratala Sonia Torras-Garat Carles Pérez-Testor 《Family process》2020,59(3):1060-1079
During the recent COVID-19 outbreak in Spain, we explored the individual and relational well-being of people confined together with their partners and/or children during the first 3 weeks of state-regulated lockdown. Adults 18 years or older (N = 407) completed an online survey that included demographic, household, and employment information along with standardized measures of psychological distress (State-Trait Anxiety and Beck Depression) and relationship functioning—either the Dyadic Adjustment Scale if there were no children in the household or a Basic Family Relations Evaluation Questionnaire (CERFB) measuring conjugal, parental, and coparental functions. Qualitative analyses of responses to an open-ended question about perceived changes in couple or family dynamics during lockdown revealed nine specific themes comprising two overarching categories: relational improvement and deterioration. The overall prevalence of improvement themes (61.7%) exceeded deterioration themes (41.0%), with increased (re)connection and conflict atmosphere cited most often. Quantitative analyses found elevated levels of state anxiety but not trait anxiety or depression during lockdown. Consistent with the qualitative results, couples having no children at home reported high levels of dyadic adjustment, but with children present CERFB parental functioning exceeded conjugal functioning, a pattern sometimes associated with child triangulation into adult conflicts. Although correlates of psychological distress (e.g., unemployment, perceived economic risk) were relatively stable across subgroups, predictors of relationship functioning varied substantially with household/parental status (e.g., telecommuting and employment facilitated conjugal functioning only for couples with children). 相似文献
133.
Sonia K. Kang Jacob B. Hirsh Alison L. Chasteen 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2010,46(1):229-232
This study examined whether the degree to which one perceives overlap between the self and another person predicts the magnitude of the neural response of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) following the observation of that person’s errors. Specifically, we measured the magnitude of the observational feedback-related negativity (oFRN), an event-related potential associated with observing someone else make an error, while participants watched strangers or friends complete a Stroop task. Results show stronger activation of the ACC, as indexed by the oFRN, for those who observed friends compared to those who observed strangers. This effect was mediated by the degree to which participants included the other in their conception of the self. This study contributes a unique examination of real-life close pairs to a growing body of research showing that social factors can greatly impact neural processing. 相似文献
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135.
Donald B. Bailey Jr. Megan A. Lewis Shelly L. Harris Tracey Grant Carla Bann Ellen Bishop Myra Roche Sonia Guarda Leah Barnum Cynthia Powell Bradford L. Therrell Jr. 《Journal of genetic counseling》2013,22(1):108-117
The major objectives of this project were to develop and evaluate a brochure to help parents make an informed decision about participation in a fragile X newborn screening study. We used an iterative development process that drew on principles of Informed Decision Making (IDM), stakeholder input, design expertise, and expert evaluation. A simulation study with 118 women examined response to the brochure. An independent review rated the brochure high on informational content, guidance, and values. Mothers took an average of 6.5 min to read it and scored an average of 91.1 % correct on a knowledge test. Most women rated the brochure as high quality and trustworthy. When asked to make a hypothetical decision about study participation, 61.9 % would agree to screening. Structural equation modeling showed that agreement to screening and decisional confidence were associated with perceived quality and trust in the brochure. Minority and white mothers did not differ in perceptions of quality or trust. We demonstrate the application of IDM in developing a study brochure. The brochure was highly rated by experts and consumers, met high standards for IDM, and achieved stated goals in a simulation study. The IDM provides a model for consent in research disclosing complicated genetic information of uncertain value. 相似文献
136.
This study compared vibratory and auditory feedback for reducing excessive vocal loudness in a woman with moderate intellectual disability. The 2 forms of feedback were delivered through small portable devices equipped with a vibratory box at the woman's wrist and an earpiece, respectively. The use of feedback was combined with reinforcement. Data showed that both forms of feedback (plus reinforcement) were successful. Yet, auditory feedback appeared somewhat more effective. The differences in effectiveness are discussed in relation to differences in practicality. 相似文献
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138.
Goal neglect and Spearman's g: competing parts of a complex task 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Duncan J Parr A Woolgar A Thompson R Bright P Cox S Bishop S Nimmo-Smith I 《Journal of experimental psychology. General》2008,137(1):131-148
In goal neglect, a person ignores some task requirement though being able to describe it. Goal neglect is closely related to general intelligence or C. Spearman's (1904) g (J. Duncan, H. Emslie, P. Williams, R. Johnson, & C. Freer, 1996). The authors tested the role of task complexity in neglect and the hypothesis that different task components in some sense compete for attention. In contrast to many kinds of attentional limits, increasing the real-time demands of one task component does not promote neglect of another. Neither does neglect depend on preparation for different possible events in a block of trials. Instead, the key factor is complexity in the whole body of knowledge specified in task instructions. The authors suggest that as novel activity is constructed, relevant facts, rules, and requirements must be organized into a "task model." As this model increases in complexity, different task components compete for representation, and vulnerable components may be lost. Construction of effective task models is closely linked to g. 相似文献
139.
Fernández-Abascal EG Guerra P Martínez F Domínguez FJ Muñoz MA Egea DA Martín MD Mata JL Rodríguez S Vila J 《Psicothema》2008,20(1):104-113
The International Affective Digitized Sounds (IADS): Spanish Norms. The Spanish norms for the International Affective Digitized Sounds (IADS) are reported. The IADS is a standardized set of 110 digitalized sounds which are both reliable and valid for the experimental study of emotional processes. The construction of the IADS is based on Peter J. Lang's dimensional model of emotions. Participants were 1.716 university students (1.136 women) who assessed the sounds using the three scales of the Self-Assessment Manikin: affective valence, arousal, and dominance. The results show a distribution of the sounds, within the bidimensional plot defined by valence and arousal, similar to the North-American student population with a typical boomerang shape. No significant differences were found when comparing men and women nor when comparing the Spanish and North-American samples in the total set of sounds. The results are discussed in relation to the International Affective Picture System (IAPS). The norms for each of the 110 sounds are presented in an annexed table. 相似文献
140.
Sonia Roccas 《European journal of social psychology》2003,33(3):351-366
Three studies explored the effects of the relative status of the multiple groups of which individuals are simultaneously members. In all studies participants reported their identification and their perception of the status of two groups (either real or experimental) of which they were simultaneously members. Results of all three studies lend support to the hypothesis that reactions to an ingroup are affected not only by the status of that group, but also by the status of another group of which an individual is simultaneously member: Individuals tend to perceive an ingroup as having higher status, and to identify with it more, if they are simultaneously members of a different group which has low rather than high status. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献