主观轮廓与明度对比的实验研究

本实验以被试的反应时为指标,用速示器呈现实验刺激,通过系统改变诱导区域的面积和反射率对主观轮廓知觉进行了研究。实验结果表明:随着主观轮廓图形诱导面积的减小和诱导部分反射率的增加,明度对比减弱,被试的反应时增加,并且各反应时之间存在显著差异。这表明诱导部分的面积和反射率都以明度对比为中介引起了主观轮廓知觉的系统改变。这说明视觉系统中侧抑制引起的明度对比在主观轮廓知觉中起重要作用。     

基于\"道德个人主义\"之上的人文关怀——再论《论语》、《礼记》中的\"元典道德\"

在儒家学说上升为在社会中占统治地位的意识形态之后,基于生产上的原创性、涵盖面的广阔性以及思考的深邃性,《论语》和《礼记》成为中华民族元典的代表,蕴涵着丰厚的人文精神,其对于主体与客体隔阂消解的要义基于元典道德中的核心命题--\"道德个人主义\".对于作为中国传统文明精髓的人文精神,在当下的继承、吸取过程中,应该追本溯源,进一步深化对\"道德个人主义\"价值的体认,加大对\"个体人\"的观照.     

Atypical depression: enhanced right hemispheric dominance for perceiving emotional chimeric faces

Two studies compared hemispatial bias for perceiving chimeric faces in patients having either atypical or typical depression and healthy controls. A total of 245 patients having major depressive disorder (MDD) or dysthymia (164 with atypical features) and 115 controls were tested on the Chimeric Faces Test. Atypical depression differed from typical depression and controls in showing abnormally large right hemisphere bias. This was present in patients having either MDD or dysthymia and was not related to anxiety, physical anhedonia, or vegetative symptoms. In contrast, patients having MDD with melancholia showed essentially no right hemisphere bias. This is further evidence that atypical depression is a biologically distinct subtype and underscores the importance of this diagnostic distinction for neurophysiologic studies.     

The contextual modulation of conditioned taste aversions by the physical environment and time of day is similar

In a pair of experiments, we have compared the ability of changes of place (Exp. 1) and changes of time of day (Exp. 2) to separately modulate learned saline-aversion memory phenomena in rats. Neither a spatial nor a temporal change disrupted latent inhibition using the present behavioral procedure. However, pre-exposure to the taste increased the contextual control of the learned aversion expression. The aversion reappeared in the place or at the time of conditioning after extinction in a different context. The results indicate that environmental and temporal contexts can independently, but similarly modulate taste aversion learning.     

QT & RR variability spots the earliest autonomic deregulation in diabetes

Step 1

Preliminary MANOVA/ANOVA showed significant effects on the ensemble of spectral variables of every single factor (status: normal or patient group; intervention; gender) with no significant factor interactions. Significant effects of intervention or status on main RR spectral variables and on a few QT spectral variables were also documented.

Step 2

Non-parametric tests showed that diabetics had (mildly to moderately) shorter mean RR, while their RR-LF was always singificantly lower than those found in normals—a difference propagated to QT-LF but not to idioventricular QT-LF. In the intra-group there were similar responses to interventions except stress with respect to mean RR. Consistent reduction in RR-LF under moderate or no change in mean RR suggests vagal down-regulation that, judging by idioventricular QT-LF showing, goes perhaps before a similar process with sympathetic control of ventricles. This phase delay may introduce an early arrhythmic risk worth dealing with in secondary prevention.     

大学生职业决策中的妥协策略

职业决策是大学生面临的重要的现实问题之一。通过预实验之后,随机选取89名大学生参加正式实验。采用2×3的混合实验设计探明大学生妥协策略的特点,结果表明:(1)大学生在三种妥协情境中的妥协次序基本支持Gottfredson的假设,但有其自身特点,社会声望始终是优先考虑的因素。(2)兴趣是职业决策的重要影响因素,不受东西方文化因素的影响。     

Children’s reading skills: A comparison of traditional and computerized assessment

Student’s ability to read computer text was investigated by comparing reading performance on decoding and phonetics tests of the Woodcock-Johnson (Revised) Tests of Achievement, Forms A and B. Fifty-one students completed one form of the reading tests through the traditional administration method and a second form using computer administration. Initial form and administration order were counterbalanced. Coefficients of equivalence of .91 and .86 were obtained for traditional and computer administration methods of the two tests. The results are interpreted as indicating that computer-administered reading tests can assess the same domains as traditional measures, and that they may become increasingly important in the complete assessment of functional reading skills.     

目标设置过程的理性特征分析

本文运用个案研究方法 ,从人类理性的角度分析了企业在不同的生产经营条件下的目标设置方式 ,发现不确定性和目标难度对管理者的目标设置过程有很大的影响。在确定的 ,且任务较容易的情况下 ,目标设置是以一种与理性期望模型相一致的方式进行的 ,而在高度不确定的条件下 ,管理者则倾向于采用渐进适应的模式设置目标。对管理者的经营活动作进一步深入的分析发现 ,在高难度的任务目标情景中 ,决策者更多地从战略的层次 ,而不是从具体的层次上寻求实现目标的途径 ,从而提出了目标难度与实绩的“策略搜索层次”假设     

差异与互补:皮亚杰与维果茨基认知发展观比较的新思考

皮亚杰与维果茨基是10世纪两位最有影响的发展心理学家．他们开辟了研究儿童发展的两条线路。这两种取向存在着根本性的差异,同时在研究方法与具体观点中又存在着多方面的类似和交叉．两种取向互动互补．共同描绘了儿童发展的整体画卷。